ГОСТ 7.74-96

СИСТЕМА СТАНДАРТОВ ПО ИНФОРМАЦИИ,
БИБЛИОТЕЧНОМУ И ИЗДАТЕЛЬСКОМУ ДЕЛУ

ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ПОИСКОВЫЕ
ЯЗЫКИ

ТЕРМИНЫ И ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ

МЕЖГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ СОВЕТ
ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ, МЕТРОЛОГИИ И СЕРТИФИКАЦИИ
Минск

Предисловие

1 РАЗРАБОТАН Всероссийским институтом научной и технической информации с участием Российской государственной библиотеки и ТК 191 «Научно-техническая информация, библиотечное и издательское дело»

ВНЕСЕН Госстандартом России

2 ПРИНЯТ Межгосударственным Советом по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации (протокол № 9 от 12 апреля 1996 г.)

За принятие проголосовали:

3 Требования межгосударственного стандарта соответствуют требованиям международного стандарта ИСО 5127-6-83 «Документация и информация. Словарь терминов. Часть 6. Документальные языки»

4 Постановлением Государственного комитета Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации от 27 ноября 1996 г. № 651 межгосударственный стандарт ГОСТ 7.74-96 введен в действие непосредственно в качестве государственного стандарта Российской Федерации с 1 июля 1997 г.

5 ВВЕДЕН ВПЕРВЫЕ

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Система стандартов по информации, библиотечному и издательскому делу

ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ПОИСКОВЫЕ ЯЗЫКИ

Термины и определения

Дата введения 1997-07-01

1 ОБЛАСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

Настоящий стандарт устанавливает термины и определения понятий в области информационно-поисковых языков.

Термины, установленные настоящим стандартом, применяются во всех видах документации и литературы по информационной, библиотечной и издательской деятельности.

Для каждого понятия установлен, как правило, один стандартизованный термин, но в некоторых случаях, когда в практике закрепилось употребление в одном значении двух разных терминов, удовлетворяющих требованиям к упорядоченной терминологии, оба приводятся в качестве стандартизованных синонимов. Употребление этих синонимов с различиями в значении недопустимо.

Недопустимые к применению в указанном значении термины приведены в круглых скобках после стандартизованного термина и обозначены пометой «НДП». Употребление этих лексических единиц в других значениях при этом не ограничивается.

Приведенные в стандарте определения можно, при необходимости, изменять, вводя в них производные признаки, раскрывая значения используемых терминов, указывая объекты, входящие в объем определяемого понятия. Изменения не должны нарушать объем и содержание понятий, устанавливаемых определениями стандарта.

В стандарте приведены в качестве справочных иноязычные эквиваленты стандартизованных терминов на немецком (de), английском (en) и французском (fr) языках, установленные в соответствующих международных стандартах и авторитетных словарях.

В стандарте приведены алфавитные указатели терминов на русском языке и их иноязычных эквивалентов.

Стандартизованные термины набраны полужирным шрифтом, их краткие формы - светлым.

2 ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ПОИСКОВЫЕ ЯЗЫКИ

3 ОСНОВНЫЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ ИПЯ

4 КЛАССИФИКАЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ

5 ЯЗЫКИ ПРЕДМЕТНЫХ РУБРИК. ПРЕДМЕТИЗАЦИОННЫЕ ИПЯ

6 ДЕСКРИПТОРНЫЕ ИПЯ

7 ИНДЕКСИРОВАНИЕ

АЛФАВИТНЫЙ УКАЗАТЕЛЬ ТЕРМИНОВ НА РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

алфавит нотации                                                                                            3.2.2

аскриптор                                                                                                         6.1.3

база индексации                                                                                             3.2.2

грамматика информационно-поискового языка                                    2.10

деление классификационное                                                                      4.1.22

деление типовое                                                                                             4.1.26

деление типовое общее                                                                                 4.1.27

деление типовое специальное                                                                     4.1.28

дерево классификационное                                                                         4.1.9

дескриптор                                                                                                       6.1.2

дескриптор ассоциативный                                                                         6.1.11

дескриптор видовой                                                                                       6.1.8

дескриптор вспомогательный                                                                     6.1.13

дескриптор вышестоящий                                                                           6.1.5

дескриптор нижестоящий                                                                            6.1.6

дескриптор объединяющий                                                                          6.1.9

дескриптор партитивный                                                                             6.1.10

дескриптор родовой                                                                                        6.1.7

дескриптор узкий                                                                                           6.1.6

дескриптор широкий                                                                                     6.1.5

единица лексическая информационно-поискового языка                  3.1.1

заголовок предметной рубрики                                                                   5.7

запись классификационная                                                                         4.1.22

идентификатор                                                                                                6.1.4

индексация                                                                                                      3.2.1

индексация буквенная                                                                                 3.2.6

индексация буквенно-цифровая                                                                3.2.9

индексация двоичная                                                                                    3.2.5

индексация десятичная                                                                                3.2.8

индексация иерархическая                                                                          3.2.11

индексация однородная                                                                                3.2.3

индексация порядковая                                                                                3.2.12

индексация смешанная                                                                                3.2.4

индексация структурная                                                                               3.2.10

индексация цифровая                                                                                   3.2.7

индексирование                                                                                              7.1

индексирование автоматизированное                                                       7.8

индексирование автоматическое                                                               7.9

индексирование классификационное                                                       7.2

индексирование координатное                                                                   7.6

индексирование предметное                                                                       7.4

индексирование свободное                                                                          7.5

индексирование фактографическое                                                           7.7

индекс классификационный                                                                       7.14

индекс комбинированный                                                                           7.16

индекс простой                                                                                                7.15

индекс сложный                                                                                             7.17

индекс составной                                                                                            7.18

ИПТ                                                                                                                    6.2.1

ИПЯ                                                                                                                    2.1

квалификатор                                                                                                  6.1.13

классификация аналитическая                                                                  4.2.9

классификация аспектная                                                                           4.2.8

классификация десятичная                                                                         4.2.6

классификация дихотомическая                                                                4.2.5

классификация иерархическая                                                                   4.2.4

классификация комбинационная                                                              4.2.11

классификация многомерная                                                                      4.2.7

классификация отраслевая                                                                          4.2.2

классификация перечислительная                                                            4.2.3

классификация синтетическая                                                                   4.2.10

классификация специализированная                                                       4.2.2

классификация универсальная                                                                  4.2.1

классификация фасетная                                                                             4.2.12

код дескриптора                                                                                              6.1.16

код класса                                                                                                        4.1.23

код класса цифровой                                                                                     4.1.24

комплекс предметных рубрик                                                                     5.12

комплекс предметных рубрик узкий                                                         5.13

комплекс предметных рубрик широкий                                                   5.14

коннектор межфасетный                                                                              4.1.15

ЛЕ                                                                                                                       3.1.1

макротезаурус                                                                                                  6.2.4

микротезаурус                                                                                                 6.2.5

моноиерархия                                                                                                  4.1.5

наименование классификационного деления                                        4.1.25

недескриптор                                                                                                   6.1.3

нондескриптор                                                                                                6.1.3

нотация                                                                                                             3.2.1

нотация буквенная                                                                                        3.2.6

нотация буквенно-цифровая                                                                       3.2.9

нотация двоичная                                                                                          3.2.5

нотация десятичная                                                                                       3.2.8

нотация иерархическая                                                                                3.2.11

нотация однородная                                                                                       3.2.3

нотация порядковая                                                                                      3.2.12

нотация смешанная                                                                                       3.2.4

нотация структурная                                                                                     3.2.10

нотация цифровая                                                                                          3.2.7

образ документа поисковый                                                                        7.11

образ запроса поисковый                                                                              7.12

образ поисковый                                                                                             7.10

описание класса                                                                                             4.1.25

определитель                                                                                                   4.1.26

определитель общий                                                                                      4.1.27

определитель специальный                                                                         4.1.28

ПОД                                                                                                                    7.11

подзаголовок предметной рубрики                                                            5.11

ПОЗ                                                                                                                    7.12

полииерархия                                                                                                  4.1.6

полнота индексирования                                                                              7.19

предметизация                                                                                                7.3

предписание поисковое                                                                                7.13

признак классификационный                                                                     4.1.2

признак фасетный                                                                                          4.1.13

примечание лексическое в тезаурусной статье                                       6.1.15

разделитель                                                                                                       3.1.6

релятор                                                                                                              3.1.3

рубрика предметная                                                                                       5.1

рубрика предметная адекватная                                                                 5.2

рубрика предметная комбинированная                                                    5.9

рубрика предметная многочленная                                                           5.6

рубрика предметная обобщающая                                                              5.3

рубрика предметная описательная                                                            5.8

рубрика предметная простая                                                                       5.4

рубрика предметная сложная                                                                      5.5

рубрикатор                                                                                                       4.2.13

ряд                                                                                                                      4.1.8

ряд классификационный                                                                              4.1.8

ряд фасетный                                                                                                   4.1.12

символ разделительный                                                                               3.1.6

система классификационная                                                                           4.1.1

система классификационная информационная                                      4.1.1

систематизация                                                                                                 7.2

систематизация библиографическая                                                         7.2

систематизация классификационная                                                        7.2

словарь дескрипторный                                                                                6.2.8

словарь предметных рубрик                                                                        5.15

слово предметной рубрики ведущее                                                          5.10

слово информативное                                                                                    3.1.2

слово ключевое                                                                                               6.1.1

специфичность индексирования                                                                7.20

список предметных рубрик                                                                          5.15

статья тезаурусная                                                                                          6.1.14

структура иерархическая                                                                                 4.1.4

структура классификационная                                                                   4.1.3

структура классификационная иерархическая                                       4..4

структура фасетная                                                                                        4.1.11

таблица классификации вспомогательная                                              4.1.21

таблица классификации основная                                                             4.1.20

таблица классификационная                                                                      4.1.19

тезаурус информационно-поисковый                                                        6.2.1

тезаурус информационно-поисковый многоязычный                           6.2.3

тезаурус информационно-поисковый монотематический                    6.2.6

тезаурус информационно-поисковый одноязычный                             6.2.2

тезаурус информационно-поисковый политематический                    6.2.7

тезаурус информационно-поисковый специализированный               6.2.6

термин предпочтительный                                                                          6.1.12

указатель информационно-поискового тезауруса графический          6.3.4

указатель информационно-поискового тезауруса иерархический      6.3.3

указатель информационно-поискового тезауруса пермутационный 6.3.5

указатель информационно-поискового тезауруса систематический  6.3.2

указатель лексико-семантический                                                            6.3.1

указатель отношения                                                                                    4.1.17

указатель роли                                                                                                3.1.4

указатель связи                                                                                               3.1.5

указатель фасета                                                                                             4.1.16

уровень иерархии                                                                                           4.1.10

фасет                                                                                                                  4.1.12

фокус                                                                                                                  4.1.14

фокус фасетный                                                                                              4.1.14

формула предметизационная                                                                       5.16

формула фасетная                                                                                           4.1.18

цепь                                                                                                                    4.1.7

цепь классификационная                                                                            4.1.7

язык дескрипторный                                                                                        2.5

язык информационно-поисковый                                                              2.1

язык информационно-поисковый вербальный                                      2.9

язык информационно-поисковый дескрипторный                                2.5

язык информационно-поисковый документальный                             2.2

язык информационно-поисковый классификационный                     2.3

язык информационно-поисковый объектно-признаковый                 2.8

язык информационно-поисковый предметизационный                      2.4

язык информационно-поисковый фактографический                          2.7

язык ключевых слов                                                                                     2.6

язык предметных рубрик                                                                             2.4

АЛФАВИТНЫЙ УКАЗАТЕЛЬ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТОВ НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Adequate subject heading                                                                                    5.2

Alphabetical notation                                                                                          3.2.6

Alphanumeric notation                                                                                        3.2.9

Analytical classification                                                                                     4.2.9

Array                                                                                                                   4.1.8

Aspect classification                                                                                           4.2.8

Automated indexing                                                                                             7.8

Automatic indexing                                                                                             7.9

Auxiliary                                                                                                             4.1.26

Auxiliary descriptor                                                                                            6.1.13

Auxiliary table                                                                                                    4.1.21

Base (of notation)                                                                                                3.2.2

Binary notation                                                                                                    3.2.5

Broader term                                                                                                       6.1.5

Chain                                                                                                                   4.1.7

Class description                                                                                                4.1.25

Class entry                                                                                                          4.1.22

Class mark                                                                                                          4.1.23

Class number                                                                                                       4.1.24

Class symbol                                                                                                       4.1.23

Classification attribute                                                                                        4.1.2

Classification number                                                                                         7.14

Classification structure                                                                                       4.1.3

Classification table                                                                                             4.1.19

Classificational information retrieval language                                                  2.3

Classifying                                                                                                          7.2

Collective term                                                                                                   6.1.9

Combinative classification                                                                                  4.2.11

Combined subject heading                                                                                  5.9

Common auxiliary                                                                                               4.1.27

Common subdivision                                                                                           4.1.26

Complex notation                                                                                                7.18

Composite notation                                                                                             7.16

Compound notation                                                                                             7.17

Compound subject heading                                                                                  5.5

Computer-aided indexing                                                                                    7.8

Concept symbol                                                                                                   6.1.16

Connection indicator                                                                                           3.1.5

Coordinate indexing                                                                                            7.6

Decimal classification                                                                                        4.2.6

Decimal notation                                                                                                 3.2.8

Descriptive subject heading                                                                                5.8

Descriptor                                                                                                           6.1.2

Descriptor language                                                                                            2.5

Descriptor vocabulary                                                                                        6.2.8

Dichotomized classification                                                                                4.2.5

Documentary language                                                                                        2.2

Enumerative classification                                                                                  4.2.3

Facet                                                                                                                  4.1.12, 4.1.13

Facet formula                                                                                                      4.1.18

Facet indicator                                                                                                    4.1.16

Faceted classification                                                                                         4.2.12

Faceted structure                                                                                                 4.1.11

First element of subject heading                                                                          5.7

Focus                                                                                                                   4.1.14

Free indexing                                                                                                      7.5

General subject heading                                                                                      5.3

Generic term                                                                                                       6.1.7

Graphic display (of a thesaurus)                                                                         6.3.4

Hierarchical display (of a thesaurus)                                                                  6.3.3

Hierarchical notation                                                                                          3.2.11

Hierarchical structure                                                                                         4.1.4

Hierarchical classification                                                                                  4.2.4

Indentifier                                                                                                            6.1.4

Indexing                                                                                                               7.1

Information retrieval language                                                                            2.1

Information retrieval language grammar                                                              2.10

Information retrieval language lexical unit                                                          3.1.1

Intra-facet connector                                                                                           4.1.15

Key word of subject heading                                                                               5.10

Key-word                                                                                                            6.1.1

Key-word language                                                                                             2.6

Large set of subject headings                                                                              5.14

Level of a hierarchy                                                                                            4.1.10

Linear notation                                                                                                    3.2.12

Macrothesaurus                                                                                                   6.2.4

Main part (of a thesaurus)                                                                                   6.3.1

Main table                                                                                                           4.1.20

Microthesaurus                                                                                                    6.2.5

Mixed notation                                                                                                    3.2.4

Mono-hierarchy                                                                                                   4.1.5

Monolingual thesaurus                                                                                        6.2.2

Multi-dimensional classification                                                                         4.2.7

Multilingual thesaurus                                                                                         6.2.3

Multinomial subject heading                                                                               5.6

Narrower term                                                                                                    6.1.6

Non-descriptor                                                                                                    6.1.3

Notation                                                                                                              3.2.1, 7.14

Numerical notation                                                                                              3.2.7

Partitive term                                                                                                      6.1.10

Permuted index of thesaurus entries                                                                    6.3.5

Poly-hierarchy                                                                                                     4.1.6

Preferred term                                                                                                     6.1.12

Pure notation                                                                                                       3.2.3

Qualifier                                                                                                              3.1.3

Related term                                                                                                        6.1.11

Relation indicator                                                                                               4.1.17

Relationship indicator                                                                                         3.1.5

Role indicator                                                                                                     3.1.4

Scope note                                                                                                           6.1.15

Search pattern                                                                                                     7.10

Search pattern of a document                                                                              7.11

Search profile                                                                                                     7.12

Separator                                                                                                             3.1.6

Set of subject headings                                                                                        5.12

Simple notation                                                                                                   7.15

Simple subject heading                                                                                       5.4

Special auxiliary                                                                                                 4.1.28

Specialized classification                                                                                   4.2.2

Specialized thesaurus                                                                                          6.2.6

Specific set of subject headings                                                                          5.13

Specific term                                                                                                       6.1.8

Structured notation                                                                                              3.2.10

Subject cataloguing                                                                                             7.3

Subject heading                                                                                                   5.1

Subject headings language                                                                                   2.4

Subject indexing                                                                                                  7.4

Subject subheading                                                                                              5.11

Synthetic classification                                                                                       4.2.10

System of notation                                                                                               3.2.1

Systematic display (of a thesaurus)                                                                     6.3.2

Thesaurus                                                                                                            6.2.1

Thesaurus entry                                                                                                   6.1.14

Tree                                                                                                                     4.1.9

Universal classification                                                                                      4.2.1

АЛФАВИТНЫЙ УКАЗАТЕЛЬ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТОВ НА НЕМЕЦКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Adaequates Schlagwort                                                                                       5.2

Allgemeine Anhaengezahl                                                                                   4.1.27

Anhaengezahl                                                                                                      4.1.26

Analytische Klassifikation                                                                                  4.2.9

Aspektklassifikation                                                                                            4.2.8

Assoziierter Deskriptor                                                                                       6.1.11

Besondere Anhaengezahl                                                                                    4.1.28

Buchstabennotation                                                                                             3.2.6

Deskriptor                                                                                                           6.1.2

Dezimalklassifikation                                                                                          4.2.6

Dezimalnotation                                                                                                  3.2.8

Dichotome Klassifikation                                                                                    4.2.5

Dokumentationssprache                                                                                       2.2

Einsprachiger Thesaurus                                                                                     6.2.2

Enumerative Klassifikation                                                                                 4.2.3

Enumerative Notation                                                                                          3.2.12

Ergaenzungstafel                                                                                                 4.1.21

Facette                                                                                                                 4.1.12, 4.1.13

Facettenindex                                                                                                      4.1.16

Facettenformel                                                                                                    4.1.18

Facettenklassifikation                                                                                          4.2.12

Facettenstruktur                                                                                                   4.1.11

Frageprofil                                                                                                          7.12

Freies Indexieren                                                                                                7.5

Funktionsahzeiger                                                                                                3.1.4

Gattungsdeskriptor                                                                                              6.1.7

Gemischte Notation                                                                                             3.2.4

Haupttafel                                                                                                            4.1.20

Hierarchische Klassifikation                                                                               4.2.4

Hierarchische Notation                                                                                       3.2.11

Hierarchische Struktur                                                                                        4.1.4

Hierarchische Stufe                                                                                             4.1.10

Hilfdeskriptor                                                                                                     6.1.13

Identifikator                                                                                                         6.1.4

Indexieren                                                                                                           7.1

Informationsrecherchesprache                                                                             2.1

Intrafacettenverbinder                                                                                         4.1.15

Klasseneintrag                                                                                                     4.1.22

Klassenbeschreibung                                                                                           4.1.25

KJassennummer                                                                                                   4.1.24

Klassensymbol                                                                                                    4.1.23

Klassifikationsmerkmal                                                                                       4.1.2

Klassifikationsrecherchesprache                                                                         2.3

Klassifikationsstruktur                                                                                        4.1.3

Klassifikationstafel                                                                                             4.1.19

Klassifikatorischer Baum                                                                                    4.1.9

Klassifizieren                                                                                                      7.2

Klassifizierung                                                                                                    7.2

Kombinierte Klassifikation                                                                                 4.2.11

Kombiniertes Schlagwort                                                                                    5.9

Koordinatives Indexieren                                                                                    7.6

Leiter                                                                                                                   4.1.7

Makrothesaurus                                                                                                   6.2.4

Mehrgliedriges Schlagwort                                                                                 5.6

Mehrdimensionale Klassifikation                                                                       4.2.7

Mehrsprachiger Thesaurus                                                                                  6.2.3

Mikrothesaurus                                                                                                    6.2.5

Monohierarchie                                                                                                   4.1.5

Notation                                                                                                              3.2.1, 7.14

Notationsalphabet                                                                                               3.2.2

Partitiver Deskriptor                                                                                           6.1.10

Polyhierarchie                                                                                                     4.1.6

Rechnergestuetztes Indexieren                                                                             7.8

Reihe                                                                                                                   4.1.8

Reine Notation                                                                                                    3.2.3

Rubrikator                                                                                                           4.2.13

Sachkatalogisieren                                                                                              7.3

Sachkatalogisierung                                                                                            7.3

Schlagwort                                                                                                          5.1

Schluesselwort                                                                                                    6.1.1

Strukturnotation                                                                                                   3.2.10

Synthetische Klassifikation                                                                                 4.2.10

Thesaurus                                                                                                            6.2.1

Universale Klassifikation                                                                                    4.2.1

Unterschlagwort                                                                                                  5.11

Verknuepfungsanzeiger                                                                                        3.1.5

Weites Schlagwort                                                                                              5.3

Ziffernnotation                                                                                                     3.2.7

АЛФАВИТНЫЙ УКАЗАТЕЛЬ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТОВ НА ФРАНЦУЗСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Arbre                                                                                                                   4.1.9

Article d’une classe                                                                                            4.1.22

Article de thesaurus                                                                                            6.1.14

Attribute de classification                                                                                   4.1.2

Base (de notation)                                                                                               3.2.2

Catalogage-matières                                                                                            7.3

Chaine                                                                                                                 4.1.7

Classification à facèttes                                                                                      4.2.12

Classification analytique                                                                                     4.2.9

Classification combinatoire                                                                                4.2.11

Classification daspect                                                                                         4.2.8

Classification decimale                                                                                       4.2.6

Classification dichotomique                                                                                4.2.5

Classification encyclopedique                                                                            4.2.1

Classification enumerative                                                                                  4.2.3

Classification hierarchique                                                                                 4.2.4

Classification multidimensionelle                                                                       4.2.7

Classification specialise                                                                                     4.2.2

Classification synthétique                                                                                   4.2.10

Connecteur intrafacettes                                                                                      4.1.15

Descripteur                                                                                                         6.1.2

Description d’une classe                                                                                     4.1.25

Division commune                                                                                              4.1.26

Division spéciale                                                                                                4.1.28

Entree de thesaurus                                                                                             6.1.14

Facette                                                                                                                 4.1.12, 4.1.13

Formule de facettes                                                                                             4.1.18

Foyer                                                                                                                   4.1.14

Identificateur                                                                                                       6.1.4

Indexation                                                                                                            7.1

Indexation automatisée                                                                                        7.8

Indexation coordonnée                                                                                        7.6