Óòâåðæäåí è ââåäåí â äåéñòâèå

Ïðèêàçîì Ðîñòåõðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ

îò 9 äåêàáðÿ 2009 ã. N 649-ñò

 

ÍÀÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÛÉ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒ ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÎÉ ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈÈ

 

ÍÀÄÅÆÍÎÑÒÜ Â ÒÅÕÍÈÊÅ

 

ÒÅÐÌÈÍÛ È ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß

 

Dependability in technics. Terms and definitions

 

IEC 60050 (191):1990-12

(NEQ)

 

ÃÎÑÒ Ð 53480-2009

 

Ãðóïïà Ò59

 

ÎÊÑ 21.020

 

Äàòà ââåäåíèÿ

1 ÿíâàðÿ 2011 ãîäà

 

Ïðåäèñëîâèå

 

Öåëè è ïðèíöèïû ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè óñòàíîâëåíû Ôåäåðàëüíûì çàêîíîì îò 27 äåêàáðÿ 2002 ã. N 184-ÔÇ "Î òåõíè÷åñêîì ðåãóëèðîâàíèè", à ïðàâèëà ïðèìåíåíèÿ íàöèîíàëüíûõ ñòàíäàðòîâ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè - ÃÎÑÒ Ð 1.0-2004 "Ñòàíäàðòèçàöèÿ â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. Îñíîâíûå ïîëîæåíèÿ".

 

Ñâåäåíèÿ î ñòàíäàðòå

 

1. Ðàçðàáîòàí Ôåäåðàëüíûì ãîñóäàðñòâåííûì ïðåäïðèÿòèåì "Âñåðîññèéñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè è ñåðòèôèêàöèè â ìàøèíîñòðîåíèè" ("ÂÍÈÈÍÌÀØ").

2. Âíåñåí Òåõíè÷åñêèì êîìèòåòîì ïî ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè ÒÊ 119 "Íàäåæíîñòü â òåõíèêå".

3. Óòâåðæäåí è ââåäåí â äåéñòâèå Ïðèêàçîì Ôåäåðàëüíîãî àãåíòñòâà ïî òåõíè÷åñêîìó ðåãóëèðîâàíèþ è ìåòðîëîãèè îò 9 äåêàáðÿ 2009 ã. N 649-ñò.

4. Íàñòîÿùèé ñòàíäàðò ðàçðàáîòàí ñ ó÷åòîì îñíîâíûõ íîðìàòèâíûõ ïîëîæåíèé ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñòàíäàðòà ÌÝÊ 60050 (191):1990-12 "Íàäåæíîñòü è êà÷åñòâî óñëóã" (IEC 60050 (191):1990-12 "Dependability and quality of service", NEQ).

5. Ââåäåí âïåðâûå.

 

Èíôîðìàöèÿ îá èçìåíåíèÿõ ê íàñòîÿùåìó ñòàíäàðòó ïóáëèêóåòñÿ â åæåãîäíî èçäàâàåìîì èíôîðìàöèîííîì óêàçàòåëå "Íàöèîíàëüíûå ñòàíäàðòû", à òåêñò èçìåíåíèé è ïîïðàâîê - â åæåìåñÿ÷íî èçäàâàåìûõ èíôîðìàöèîííûõ óêàçàòåëÿõ "Íàöèîíàëüíûå ñòàíäàðòû".  ñëó÷àå ïåðåñìîòðà (çàìåíû) èëè îòìåíû íàñòîÿùåãî ñòàíäàðòà ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåå óâåäîìëåíèå áóäåò îïóáëèêîâàíî â åæåìåñÿ÷íî èçäàâàåìîì èíôîðìàöèîííîì óêàçàòåëå "Íàöèîíàëüíûå ñòàíäàðòû". Ñîîòâåòñòâóþùàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ, óâåäîìëåíèå è òåêñòû ðàçìåùàþòñÿ òàêæå â èíôîðìàöèîííîé ñèñòåìå îáùåãî ïîëüçîâàíèÿ - íà îôèöèàëüíîì ñàéòå Ôåäåðàëüíîãî àãåíòñòâà ïî òåõíè÷åñêîìó ðåãóëèðîâàíèþ è ìåòðîëîãèè â ñåòè Èíòåðíåò.

 

Ââåäåíèå

 

Óñòàíîâëåííûå â íàñòîÿùåì ñòàíäàðòå òåðìèíû ðàñïîëîæåíû â ñèñòåìàòèçèðîâàííîì ïîðÿäêå, îòðàæàþùåì ñèñòåìó ïîíÿòèé â îáëàñòè íàäåæíîñòè â òåõíèêå.

Äëÿ êàæäîãî ïîíÿòèÿ óñòàíîâëåí îäèí ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííûé òåðìèí.

Êðàòêèå ôîðìû, ïðåäñòàâëåííûå àááðåâèàòóðîé èëè ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèåì íà áàçå àááðåâèàòóðû, ïðèâåäåíû ïîñëå ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííîãî òåðìèíà è îòäåëåíû îò íåãî òî÷êîé ñ çàïÿòîé.

Äëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ öåëîñòíîñòè òåðìèíîñèñòåìû â ñòàíäàðòå ïðèâåäåíû òåðìèíîëîãè÷åñêèå ñòàòüè èç äðóãèõ ñòàíäàðòîâ, äåéñòâóþùèõ íà òîì æå óðîâíå ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè, êîòîðûå çàêëþ÷åíû â ðàìêè èç òîíêèõ ëèíèé.

 àëôàâèòíîì óêàçàòåëå äàííûå òåðìèíû ïðèâåäåíû îòäåëüíî ñ óêàçàíèåì íîìåðà ñòàòüè.

Ïîìåòà, óêàçûâàþùàÿ íà îáëàñòü ïðèìåíåíèÿ ìíîãîçíà÷íîãî òåðìèíà, ïðèâåäåíà â êðóãëûõ ñêîáêàõ ñâåòëûì øðèôòîì ïîñëå òåðìèíà. Ïîìåòà íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ÷àñòüþ òåðìèíà.

Ïðèâåäåííûå îïðåäåëåíèÿ ìîæíî ïðè íåîáõîäèìîñòè èçìåíÿòü, ââîäÿ â íèõ ïðîèçâîäíûå ïðèçíàêè, ðàñêðûâàÿ çíà÷åíèÿ èñïîëüçóåìûõ â íèõ òåðìèíîâ, óêàçûâàÿ îáúåêòû, âõîäÿùèå â îáúåì îïðåäåëÿåìîãî ïîíÿòèÿ. Èçìåíåíèÿ íå äîëæíû íàðóøàòü îáúåì è ñîäåðæàíèå ïîíÿòèé, îïðåäåëåííûõ â íàñòîÿùåì ñòàíäàðòå.

 ñòàíäàðòå ïðèâåäåíû èíîÿçû÷íûå ýêâèâàëåíòû ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííûõ òåðìèíîâ íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå.

Âçàèìîñâÿçü ìåæäó ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòÿìè è âðåìåíàìè íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíûõ ñîñòîÿíèé ïðèâåäåíà â Ïðèëîæåíèè À.

Ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííûå òåðìèíû íàáðàíû ïîëóæèðíûì øðèôòîì, èõ êðàòêèå ôîðìû è èíîÿçû÷íûå ýêâèâàëåíòû - ñâåòëûì øðèôòîì.

 

1. Îáëàñòü ïðèìåíåíèÿ

 

Íàñòîÿùèé ñòàíäàðò óñòàíàâëèâàåò òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîíÿòèé â îáëàñòè íàäåæíîñòè â òåõíèêå.

Òåðìèíû, óñòàíàâëèâàåìûå íàñòîÿùèì ñòàíäàðòîì, ðåêîìåíäóþòñÿ äëÿ ïðèìåíåíèÿ âî âñåõ âèäàõ äîêóìåíòàöèè è ëèòåðàòóðû â îáëàñòè íàäåæíîñòè â òåõíèêå, âõîäÿùèõ â ñôåðó ðàáîò ïî ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè è (èëè) èñïîëüçóþùèõ ðåçóëüòàòû ýòèõ ðàáîò.

 

2. Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ

 

                         Îáùèå ïîíÿòèÿ

 

    1. &Èçäåëèå&: ëþáàÿ ôóíêöèîíàëüíàÿ  åäèíèöà, êîòîðóþ  item, entity

ìîæíî ðàññìàòðèâàòü â îòäåëüíîñòè.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ. 1. Ïðèìåðàìè èçäåëèé ìîãóò áûòü ñèñòåìà,

ïîäñèñòåìà, îáîðóäîâàíèå, óñòðîéñòâî, àïïàðàòóðà,  óçåë,

äåòàëü, ýëåìåíò.

    2. Èçäåëèå ìîæåò ñîñòîÿòü  èç  òåõíè÷åñêèõ  ñðåäñòâ,

ïðîãðàììíîãî îáåñïå÷åíèÿ èëè èõ ñî÷åòàíèÿ è ìîæåò  òàêæå

â ÷àñòíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ âêëþ÷àòü ëþäåé.

    3.   Ãðóïïó   èçäåëèé   ìîæíî   ðàññìàòðèâàòü    êàê

ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîå èçäåëèå.

 

    2. &Ñîñòàâíàÿ ÷àñòü&: ðàññìàòðèâàåìàÿ ÷àñòü èçäåëèÿ.  sub-item

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ñîñòàâíóþ ÷àñòü ìîæíî ðàññìàòðèâàòü  êàê

ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîå èçäåëèå.

 

    3.   &Óðîâåíü   ðàçóêðóïíåíèÿ&   (äëÿ   òåõíè÷åñêîãî  indenture level

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ): óðîâåíü ðàçäåëåíèÿ èçäåëèÿ  íà  ñîñòàâíûå  (for maintenance)

÷àñòè ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ îïåðàöèé òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ. 1. Ïðèìåðàìè óðîâíåé ðàçóêðóïíåíèÿ ìîãóò

áûòü ñîñòàâíûå ÷àñòè, áëîêè, ïå÷àòíûå ïëàòû, ýëåìåíòû.

    2.  Óðîâåíü  ðàçóêðóïíåíèÿ  çàâèñèò   îò   ñëîæíîñòè

ñòðóêòóðû  èçäåëèÿ,  äîñòóïíîñòè  ê  ñîñòàâíûì   ÷àñòÿì,

íåîáõîäèìûõ íàâûêîâ ïåðñîíàëà, ñîîáðàæåíèé áåçîïàñíîñòè.

 

    4. &Âîññòàíàâëèâàåìîå  èçäåëèå&:  èçäåëèå,   êîòîðîå  repairable item

ïðè äàííûõ óñëîâèÿõ ïîñëå îòêàçà ìîæåò  áûòü  âîçâðàùåíî

â ñîñòîÿíèå, â êîòîðîì  îíî  ìîæåò  âûïîëíÿòü  òðåáóåìóþ

ôóíêöèþ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ.  1.  "Äàííûå  óñëîâèÿ"  ìîãóò   âêëþ÷àòü

êëèìàòè÷åñêèå,     òåõíè÷åñêèå     èëè     ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå

îáñòîÿòåëüñòâà.

    2. Èçäåëèå,  êîòîðîå   ÿâëÿåòñÿ   âîññòàíàâëèâàåìûì

ïðè    îäíèõ     äàííûõ     óñëîâèÿõ,     ìîæåò     áûòü

íåâîññòàíàâëèâàåìûì ïðè äðóãèõ óñëîâèÿõ.

 

    5. &Íåâîññòàíàâëèâàåìîå  èçäåëèå&: èçäåëèå,  êîòîðîå  non-repairable

ïðè  äàííûõ  óñëîâèÿõ  ïîñëå  îòêàçà   íå   ìîæåò   áûòü  item

âîçâðàùåíî â ñîñòîÿíèå, â êîòîðîì îíî ñïîñîáíî âûïîëíèòü

òðåáóåìóþ ôóíêöèþ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ.  1.  "Äàííûå  óñëîâèÿ"  ìîãóò   âêëþ÷àòü

êëèìàòè÷åñêèå,     òåõíè÷åñêèå     èëè     ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå

îáñòîÿòåëüñòâà.

    2. Èçäåëèå,   êîòîðîå  ÿâëÿåòñÿ  íåâîññòàíàâëèâàåìûì

ïðè îäíèõ äàííûõ óñëîâèÿõ, ìîæåò  áûòü âîññòàíàâëèâàåìûì

ïðè äðóãèõ óñëîâèÿõ.

 

    6. &Óñëóãà& (â òåõíèêå): íàáîð ôóíêöèé, ïðåäëàãàåìûõ  service

ïîëüçîâàòåëþ.

    7.

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐

    &Òðåáîâàíèå&:  ïîòðåáíîñòü  èëè  îæèäàíèå,  êîòîðîå  requirement    

│óñòàíîâëåíî,   îáû÷íî   ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ   èëè   ÿâëÿåòñÿ                  

│îáÿçàòåëüíûì.                                                           

    Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ.   1.   Ñëîâà   "îáû÷íî  ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ"                 

│îçíà÷àþò, ÷òî ýòî îáùåïðèíÿòàÿ ïðàêòèêà îðãàíèçàöèè, åå                 

│ïîòðåáèòåëåé    è   äðóãèõ   çàèíòåðåñîâàííûõ   ñòîðîí,                 

│êîãäà   ïðåäïîëàãàþòñÿ    ðàññìàòðèâàåìûå   ïîòðåáíîñòè                 

│èëè îæèäàíèÿ.                                                           

    2. Äëÿ  îáîçíà÷åíèÿ  êîíêðåòíîãî  âèäà   òðåáîâàíèÿ                 

│ìîãóò ïðèìåíÿòüñÿ  îïðåäåëÿþùèå  ñëîâà, íàïðèìåð òàêèå,                 

│êàê  òðåáîâàíèå  ê   ïðîäóêöèè,  òðåáîâàíèå  ê  ñèñòåìå                 

│êà÷åñòâà, òðåáîâàíèå ïîòðåáèòåëÿ.                                        

    3. Óñòàíîâëåííûì ÿâëÿåòñÿ òàêîå òðåáîâàíèå, êîòîðîå                 

│îïðåäåëåíî, íàïðèìåð, â äîêóìåíòå.                                      

    4.   Òðåáîâàíèÿ   ìîãóò    âûäâèãàòüñÿ   ðàçëè÷íûìè                 

│çàèíòåðåñîâàííûìè ñòîðîíàìè.                                            

                                                                        

    [ÃÎÑÒ Ð ÈÑÎ 9000-2008, ñòàòüÿ 3.1.2]                                

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

    8.  &Òðåáóåìàÿ  ôóíêöèÿ&:  ôóíêöèÿ   èëè   ñî÷åòàíèå  required function

ôóíêöèé,   êîòîðûå     ðàññìàòðèâàþò   êàê   íåîáõîäèìûå

äëÿ îêàçàíèÿ óñëóãè.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.    Òðåáóåìàÿ    ôóíêöèÿ    ìîæåò    áûòü

óñòàíîâëåíà, ïðåäïîëàãàòüñÿ èëè áûòü îáÿçàòåëüíîé.

 

    9.

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐

    &Ñîîòâåòñòâèå&: âûïîëíåíèå òðåáîâàíèÿ.               conformity     

    [ÃÎÑÒ Ð ÈÑÎ 9000-2008, ñòàòüÿ 3.6.1]                                 

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

    10.

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐

    &Íåñîîòâåòñòâèå&: íåâûïîëíåíèå òðåáîâàíèÿ.           nonconformity  

    [ÃÎÑÒ Ð ÈÑÎ 9000-2008, ñòàòüÿ 3.6.2]                                

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

    11.

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐

    &Äåôåêò&:   íåâûïîëíåíèå    òðåáîâàíèÿ,  ñâÿçàííîãî  defect         

│ñ ïðåäïîëàãàåìûì èëè óñòàíîâëåííûì èñïîëüçîâàíèåì.                      

    Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ. 1.  Ðàçëè÷èå  ìåæäó  ïîíÿòèÿìè "äåôåêò"                 

│è  "íåñîîòâåòñòâèå"  ÿâëÿåòñÿ  âàæíûì,  òàê  êàê  èìååò                  

│ïîäòåêñò  þðèäè÷åñêîãî   õàðàêòåðà,  îñîáåííî ñâÿçàííûé                 

│ñ  âîïðîñàìè  îòâåòñòâåííîñòè  çà  êà÷åñòâî  ïðîäóêöèè.                 

│Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî,  òåðìèí  "äåôåêò"  ñëåäóåò  èñïîëüçîâàòü                 

│÷ðåçâû÷àéíî îñòîðîæíî.                                                  

    2.  Èñïîëüçîâàíèå,   ïðåäïîëàãàåìîå   ïîòðåáèòåëåì,                 

│ìîæåò   çàâèñåòü   îò   õàðàêòåðà    èíôîðìàöèè,  òàêîé                 

│êàê   èíñòðóêöèè   ïî   èñïîëüçîâàíèþ   è  òåõíè÷åñêîìó                 

│îáñëóæèâàíèþ, ïðåäîñòàâëÿåìûå ïîñòàâùèêîì.                              

                                                                        

    [ÃÎÑÒ Ð ÈÑÎ 9000-2008, ñòàòüÿ 3.6.3]                                 

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

     12.

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐

    &Âåðèôèêàöèÿ&:       ïîäòâåðæäåíèå      ïîñðåäñòâîì  verification   

│ïðåäîñòàâëåíèÿ  îáúåêòèâíûõ   ñâèäåòåëüñòâ   òîãî,  ÷òî                 

│òðåáîâàíèÿ,     ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûå     äëÿ     êîíêðåòíîãî                 

│èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ èëè ïðèìåíåíèÿ, âûïîëíåíû.                                

    Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ. 1.   Òåðìèí   "âåðèôèêàöèÿ"  èñïîëüçóþò                 

│äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåãî ñòàòóñà.                               

    2. Äåÿòåëüíîñòü ïî  ïîäòâåðæäåíèþ  òðåáîâàíèÿ ìîæåò                 

│âêëþ÷àòü â ñåáÿ:                                                         

    - îñóùåñòâëåíèå àëüòåðíàòèâíûõ ðàñ÷åòîâ;                            

    - ñðàâíåíèå    ñïåöèôèêàöèè    íà    íîâûé   ïðîåêò                 

│ñ àíàëîãè÷íîé äîêóìåíòàöèåé íà àïðîáèðîâàííûé ïðîåêò;                   

    - ïðîâåäåíèå èñïûòàíèé è äåìîíñòðàöèé;                              

    - àíàëèç äîêóìåíòîâ äî èõ âûïóñêà.                                  

                                                                        

    [ÃÎÑÒ Ð ÈÑÎ 9000-2008, ñòàòüÿ 3.8.4]                                

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

    13. &Ìîäèôèêàöèÿ&: ïðîöåññ îñóùåñòâëåíèÿ   èçìåíåíèé  modification

êîíñòðóêöèè     èçäåëèÿ,    òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîãî    ïðîöåññà

èëè òðåáóåìîé ôóíêöèè.

    14. &Äåãðàäàöèÿ&: íåîáðàòèìûå èçìåíåíèÿ,  óõóäøàþùèå  degradation

ñïîñîáíîñòü   èçäåëèÿ   âûïîëíÿòü   òðåáóåìóþ   ôóíêöèþ,

ðàçâèâàþùèåñÿ ñ òå÷åíèåì âðåìåíè.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.     Äåãðàäàöèÿ      ìîæåò      íàñòóïèòü

ïðè  ïðèìåíåíèè    èëè  ïðè  õðàíåíèè  è  áûòü   âûçâàíà

âíóòðåííèìè ïðîöåññàìè è (èëè)  âîçäåéñòâèåì  îêðóæàþùåé

ñðåäû.

 

    15.    &Ýôôåêòèâíîñòü    ïðèìåíåíèÿ&:    ñïîñîáíîñòü  effectiveness

óäîâëåòâîðÿòü   òðåáîâàíèÿì   ê   óñëóãå   ñ   çàäàííûìè

êîëè÷åñòâåííûìè õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ýòà  ñïîñîáíîñòü  çàâèñèò  îò  ñî÷åòàíèÿ

âîçìîæíîñòè è ãîòîâíîñòè èçäåëèÿ.

 

    16. &Âîçìîæíîñòü& (â îáëàñòè íàäåæíîñòè â  òåõíèêå):  capability

ñïîñîáíîñòü èçäåëèÿ  ïðè  îêàçàíèè  óñëóã  óäîâëåòâîðÿòü

çàïðîñàì ñ  çàäàííûìè  êîëè÷åñòâåííûìè  õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè

ïðè äàííîì âíóòðåííåì ñîñòîÿíèè.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.   Âíóòðåííåå   ñîñòîÿíèå   ìîæåò    áûòü

ñî÷åòàíèåì ðàáîòîñïîñîáíûõ è íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíûõ ñîñòîÿíèé

ñîñòàâíûõ ÷àñòåé.

 

                    Îñíîâíûå ïîíÿòèÿ

 

    17. &Íàäåæíîñòü&:  ñâîéñòâî  ãîòîâíîñòè  è  âëèÿþùèå  dependability

íà  íåãî ñâîéñòâà  áåçîòêàçíîñòè  è  ðåìîíòîïðèãîäíîñòè,

è ïîääåðæêà òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.   Äàííûé    òåðìèí   èñïîëüçóþò   òîëüêî

äëÿ îáùåãî íåêîëè÷åñòâåííîãî îïèñàíèÿ íàäåæíîñòè.

 

    18.  &Ãîòîâíîñòü&:  ñïîñîáíîñòü  èçäåëèÿ   âûïîëíèòü  availability

òðåáóåìóþ ôóíêöèþ ïðè äàííûõ óñëîâèÿõ  â  ïðåäïîëîæåíèè,

÷òî íåîáõîäèìûå âíåøíèå ðåñóðñû îáåñïå÷åíû.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ. 1. Ýòà ñïîñîáíîñòü çàâèñèò îò  ñî÷åòàíèÿ

ñâîéñòâ áåçîòêàçíîñòè,  ðåìîíòîïðèãîäíîñòè  è  ïîääåðæêè

òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    2. "Äàííûå óñëîâèÿ"  ìîãóò  âêëþ÷àòü  êëèìàòè÷åñêèå,

òåõíè÷åñêèå èëè ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå îáñòîÿòåëüñòâà.

    3.  Íåîáõîäèìûå  âíåøíèå  ðåñóðñû,  êðîìå   ðåñóðñîâ

òåõíè÷åñêîãî  îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,  íå   âëèÿþò   íà   ñâîéñòâî

ãîòîâíîñòè.

 

    19. &Áåçîòêàçíîñòü&: ñïîñîáíîñòü  èçäåëèÿ  âûïîëíèòü  reliability

òðåáóåìóþ   ôóíêöèþ    â  çàäàííîì   èíòåðâàëå   âðåìåíè

ïðè äàííûõ óñëîâèÿõ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ.  1.  "Äàííûå  óñëîâèÿ"  ìîãóò   âêëþ÷àòü

êëèìàòè÷åñêèå,     òåõíè÷åñêèå     èëè     ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå

îáñòîÿòåëüñòâà.

    2.  Îáû÷íî  ïðåäïîëàãàþò,  ÷òî  â  íà÷àëå  èíòåðâàëà

âðåìåíè èçäåëèå â ñîñòîÿíèè âûïîëíèòü òðåáóåìóþ ôóíêöèþ.

 

    20. &Ðåìîíòîïðèãîäíîñòü&:    ñïîñîáíîñòü     èçäåëèÿ  maintainability

ïðè  äàííûõ  óñëîâèÿõ   èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ   è   òåõíè÷åñêîãî

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ ê ïîääåðæàíèþ èëè âîññòàíîâëåíèþ ñîñòîÿíèÿ,

â êîòîðîì îíî ìîæåò âûïîëíèòü òðåáóåìóþ ôóíêöèþ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.   "Äàííûå   óñëîâèÿ"   ìîãóò    âêëþ÷àòü

êëèìàòè÷åñêèå,     òåõíè÷åñêèå     èëè     ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå

îáñòîÿòåëüñòâà.

 

    21. &Äîëãîâå÷íîñòü&: ñïîñîáíîñòü  èçäåëèÿ  âûïîëíÿòü  durability

òðåáóåìóþ ôóíêöèþ äî  äîñòèæåíèÿ  ïðåäåëüíîãî  ñîñòîÿíèÿ

ïðè  äàííûõ  óñëîâèÿõ   èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ   è   òåõíè÷åñêîãî

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.  "Äàííûå   óñëîâèÿ"    ìîãóò    âêëþ÷àòü

êëèìàòè÷åñêèå,     òåõíè÷åñêèå     èëè     ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå

îáñòîÿòåëüñòâà.

 

    22.       &Êîìïëåêñíîå       ìàòåðèàëüíî-òåõíè÷åñêîå  integrated

îáåñïå÷åíèå&:  ïðîöåññ   ñêîîðäèíèðîâàííîãî   óïðàâëåíèÿ  logistic support;

ïî  îáåñïå÷åíèþ  âñåõ  ìàòåðèàëîâ  è ðåñóðñîâ, òðåáóåìûõ  ILS

äëÿ ýêñïëóàòàöèè èçäåëèÿ.

    23. &Ñîõðàíÿåìîñòü&: ñïîñîáíîñòü  èçäåëèÿ  âûïîëíÿòü  storability

òðåáóåìóþ ôóíêöèþ â òå÷åíèå è  ïîñëå  õðàíåíèÿ  è  (èëè)

òðàíñïîðòèðîâàíèÿ.

 

      Ïîíÿòèÿ, îòíîñÿùèåñÿ ê ñîñòîÿíèÿì è âðåìåíàì

 

    24. &Ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå ñîñòîÿíèå&: ñîñòîÿíèå  èçäåëèÿ,  up state

ïðè êîòîðîì îíî ñïîñîáíî âûïîëíèòü òðåáóåìóþ ôóíêöèþ ïðè

óñëîâèè, ÷òî ïðåäîñòàâëåíû íåîáõîäèìûå âíåøíèå ðåñóðñû.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Èçäåëèå â  îäíî  è  òî  æå  âðåìÿ  ìîæåò

íàõîäèòüñÿ â  ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîì  ñîñòîÿíèè  äëÿ  íåêîòîðûõ

ôóíêöèé  è  â  íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîì  ñîñòîÿíèè  äëÿ  äðóãèõ

ôóíêöèé.

 

    25. &Ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî  ñîñòîÿíèÿ&:  up time

èíòåðâàë âðåìåíè, â òå÷åíèå êîòîðîãî  èçäåëèå  íàõîäèòñÿ

â ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîì ñîñòîÿíèè.

    26. &Íàêîïëåííàÿ ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü  ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî  accumulated up

ñîñòîÿíèÿ&:    ñóììà    îòäåëüíûõ     ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòåé  time

ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî   ñîñòîÿíèÿ   â   ïðåäåëàõ    çàäàííîãî

èíòåðâàëà âðåìåíè.

    27.    &Ñîñòîÿíèå    ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ&:    ñîñòîÿíèå  operating state

âûïîëíåíèÿ èçäåëèåì òðåáóåìîé ôóíêöèè.

    28.  &Íàðàáîòêà&:  èíòåðâàë   âðåìåíè,   â   òå÷åíèå  operating time

êîòîðîãî èçäåëèå íàõîäèòñÿ â ñîñòîÿíèè ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.   Íàðàáîòêà   ìîæåò   áûòü   íåïðåðûâíîé

âåëè÷èíîé (ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü ðàáîòû â ÷àñàõ,  êèëîìåòðàæ

ïðîáåãà è ò.ï.) è äèñêðåòíîé  âåëè÷èíîé  (÷èñëî  öèêëîâ,

ñðàáàòûâàíèé, çàïóñêîâ è ò.ï.).

 

    29.   &Ñîñòîÿíèå   íåôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ&:    ñîñòîÿíèå  non-operating

íåâûïîëíåíèÿ èçäåëèåì íè îäíîé èç òðåáóåìûõ ôóíêöèé.      state

    30. &Ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü íåôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ&: èíòåðâàë  non-operating

âðåìåíè,   â   òå÷åíèå    êîòîðîãî   èçäåëèå   íàõîäèòñÿ  time

â ñîñòîÿíèè íåôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ.

    31. &Òðåáóåìîå âðåìÿ&: èíòåðâàë âðåìåíè,  â  òå÷åíèå  required time

êîòîðîãî ïîòðåáèòåëü òðåáóåò, ÷òîáû  èçäåëèå  íàõîäèëîñü

â ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîì ñîñòîÿíèè.

    32. &Íåòðåáóåìîå âðåìÿ&: èíòåðâàë âðåìåíè, â òå÷åíèå  non-required time

êîòîðîãî   ïîòðåáèòåëü   íå   òðåáóåò,   ÷òîáû   èçäåëèå

íàõîäèëîñü â ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîì ñîñòîÿíèè.

    33.      &Ñîñòîÿíèå      ãîòîâíîñòè&:      ñîñòîÿíèå  standby state

íåôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ èçäåëèÿ â òðåáóåìîå âðåìÿ.

    34. &Âðåìÿ ãîòîâíîñòè&: èíòåðâàë âðåìåíè, â  òå÷åíèå  standby time

êîòîðîãî èçäåëèå íàõîäèòñÿ â ñîñòîÿíèè ãîòîâíîñòè.

    35. &Ñâîáîäíîå ñîñòîÿíèå&: ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå ñîñòîÿíèå  idle state

íåôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ èçäåëèÿ â íåòðåáóåìîå âðåìÿ.

    36. &Ñâîáîäíîå âðåìÿ&: èíòåðâàë âðåìåíè,  â  òå÷åíèå  idle time

êîòîðîãî ñóùåñòâóåò ñâîáîäíîå ñîñòîÿíèå.

    37. &Çàíÿòîå    ñîñòîÿíèå&:    ñîñòîÿíèå    èçäåëèÿ,  busy state

ïðè    êîòîðîì   îíî   âûïîëíÿåò    òðåáóåìóþ    ôóíêöèþ

äëÿ  ïîòðåáèòåëÿ  (ïîòðåáèòåëåé)  è  ïî   ýòîé   ïðè÷èíå

íåäîñòóïíî äëÿ äðóãèõ ïîòðåáèòåëåé.

    38. &Äåæóðíîå  ñîñòîÿíèå&:  ñîñòîÿíèå  èçäåëèÿ  áûòü  enabled state

ñïîñîáíûì âûïîëíèòü òðåáóåìóþ ôóíêöèþ ïî çàïðîñó.

    39. &Äåæóðíîå âðåìÿ&: èíòåðâàë  âðåìåíè,  â  òå÷åíèå  enabled time

êîòîðîãî ñóùåñòâóåò äåæóðíîå ñîñòîÿíèå.

    40.   &Íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå    ñîñòîÿíèå&:    ñîñòîÿíèå  disabled state

èçäåëèÿ, ïðè êîòîðîì îíî íåñïîñîáíî âûïîëíèòü  òðåáóåìóþ

ôóíêöèþ ïî ëþáîé ïðè÷èíå.

    41.      &Ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü       íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî  disabled time

ñîñòîÿíèÿ&:  èíòåðâàë  âðåìåíè,   â   òå÷åíèå   êîòîðîãî

ñóùåñòâóåò íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå ñîñòîÿíèå.

    42.  &Íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå  ñîñòîÿíèå   ïî   âíóòðåííåé  down state

ïðè÷èíå&:     íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå     ñîñòîÿíèå   èçäåëèÿ,

ïðè êîòîðîì îíî íåñïîñîáíî âûïîëíèòü  òðåáóåìóþ  ôóíêöèþ

èç-çà  âíóòðåííåé  íåèñïðàâíîñòè  èëè  ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîãî

òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    43.          &Íàêîïëåííàÿ          ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü  accumulated down

íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî  ñîñòîÿíèÿ  ïî  âíóòðåííåé  ïðè÷èíå&:  time

ñóììà            îòäåëüíûõ            ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòåé

íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî   ñîñòîÿíèÿ  ïî   âíóòðåííåé  ïðè÷èíå

â ïðåäåëàõ çàäàííîãî èíòåðâàëà âðåìåíè.

    44.   &Íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå   ñîñòîÿíèå   ïî    âíåøíåé  external disabled

ïðè÷èíå&:    íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå    ñîñòîÿíèå     èçäåëèÿ,  state

ïðè êîòîðîì îíî íåñïîñîáíî âûïîëíèòü  òðåáóåìóþ  ôóíêöèþ

èç-çà îòñóòñòâèÿ èëè íåõâàòêè âíåøíèõ ðåñóðñîâ.

    45. &Ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî  ñîñòîÿíèÿ  external disabled

ïî  âíåøíåé  ïðè÷èíå&:  èíòåðâàë  âðåìåíè,   â   òå÷åíèå  time

êîòîðîãî    ñóùåñòâóåò    íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå    ñîñòîÿíèå

ïî âíåøíåé ïðè÷èíå.

    46. &Ïðåäåëüíîå  ñîñòîÿíèå&:   ñîñòîÿíèå    èçäåëèÿ,  limiting state

ïðè êîòîðîì åãî äàëüíåéøàÿ ýêñïëóàòàöèÿ íåäîïóñòèìà  èëè

íåöåëåñîîáðàçíà ïî ïðè÷èíàì îïàñíîñòè, ýêîíîìè÷åñêèì èëè

ýêîëîãè÷åñêèì.

    47.  &Êðèòåðèé  ïðåäåëüíîãî   ñîñòîÿíèÿ&:   ïðèçíàêè  limiting state

ïðåäåëüíîãî   ñîñòîÿíèÿ, ïî  êîòîðûì  ïðèíèìàþò  ðåøåíèå  criterion

î åãî íàñòóïëåíèè.

    48.  &Êðèòè÷åñêîå  ñîñòîÿíèå&:  ñîñòîÿíèå   èçäåëèÿ,  critical state

êîòîðîå   ìîæåò   ïðèâåñòè   ê   òÿæåëûì   ïîñëåäñòâèÿì:

òðàâìèðîâàíèþ ëþäåé, çíà÷èòåëüíîìó ìàòåðèàëüíîìó  óùåðáó

èëè íåïðèåìëåìûì ýêîëîãè÷åñêèì ïîñëåäñòâèÿì.

 

             Ïîíÿòèÿ, îòíîñÿùèåñÿ ê îòêàçàì

 

    49. &Îòêàç&: ïîòåðÿ  ñïîñîáíîñòè  èçäåëèÿ  âûïîëíèòü  failure

òðåáóåìóþ ôóíêöèþ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.   Îòêàç   ÿâëÿåòñÿ   ñîáûòèåì,   êîòîðîå

ïðèâîäèò ê ñîñòîÿíèþ íåèñïðàâíîñòè.

 

    50.  &Îøèáêà&:  íåñîîòâåòñòâèå  ìåæäó   âû÷èñëåííûì,  error

íàáëþäàåìûì  èëè  èçìåðåííûì  çíà÷åíèåì  èëè  ñîñòîÿíèåì

è  èñòèííûì,  çàäàííûì   èëè   òåîðåòè÷åñêè   ïðàâèëüíûì

çíà÷åíèåì èëè ñîñòîÿíèåì.

    51. &Êðèòåðèé îòêàçà&: çàðàíåå îãîâîðåííûå  ïðèçíàêè  failure criterion

íàðóøåíèÿ   ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî   ñîñòîÿíèÿ,   ïî   êîòîðûì

ïðèíèìàþò ðåøåíèå î ôàêòå íàñòóïëåíèÿ îòêàçà.

    52. &Ïîëíûé îòêàç&: îòêàç, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèéñÿ ïîòåðåé  complete failure

ñïîñîáíîñòè èçäåëèÿ âûïîëíÿòü âñå òðåáóåìûå ôóíêöèè.

    53.  &×àñòè÷íûé  îòêàç&:  îòêàç,   õàðàêòåðèçóþùèéñÿ  partial failure

ïîòåðåé ñïîñîáíîñòè èçäåëèÿ âûïîëíÿòü íåêîòîðûå, íå  âñå

òðåáóåìûå ôóíêöèè.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.  ×àñòè÷íûé  îòêàç   ÿâëÿåòñÿ   ñîáûòèåì,

êîòîðîå ïðèâîäèò ê ñîñòîÿíèþ ÷àñòè÷íîé íåèñïðàâíîñòè.

 

    54. &Íåçàâèñèìûé îòêàç&:   îòêàç,    íå    âûçâàííûé  primary failure

ïðÿìî èëè êîñâåííî äðóãèì îòêàçîì èëè íåèñïðàâíîñòüþ.

    55.  &Çàâèñèìûé  îòêàç&:  îòêàç,  âûçâàííûé   äðóãèì  secondary failure

îòêàçîì èëè íåèñïðàâíîñòüþ.

    56.  &Ïîñëåäñòâèÿ  îòêàçà&:   âàæíîñòü,   çíà÷èìîñòü  failure effect

îòêàçà â ïðåäåëàõ èëè âíå ïðåäåëîâ èçäåëèÿ.

    57.  &Ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêèé  îòêàç&:   îòêàç,   îäíîçíà÷íî  systematic

âûçâàííûé  îïðåäåëåííîé  ïðè÷èíîé,  êîòîðàÿ  ìîæåò  áûòü  failure

óñòðàíåíà       òîëüêî        ìîäèôèêàöèåé       ïðîåêòà

èëè  ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîãî  ïðîöåññà,   ïðàâèë  ýêñïëóàòàöèè

è äîêóìåíòàöèè.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ.  1.  Ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêèé  îòêàç  ìîæåò  áûòü

âîñïðîèçâåäåí  ïóòåì  ïðåäíàìåðåííîãî  ñîçäàíèÿ  òåõ  æå

ñàìûõ óñëîâèé, íàïðèìåð,  ñ  öåëüþ  îïðåäåëåíèÿ  ïðè÷èíû

îòêàçà.

    2.  Ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêèé   îòêàç   ÿâëÿåòñÿ   ðåçóëüòàòîì

ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêîé íåèñïðàâíîñòè.

 

    58.  &Ïðè÷èíà   îòêàçà&:   îáñòîÿòåëüñòâà   â   õîäå  failure cause

ðàçðàáîòêè,  ïðîèçâîäñòâà  èëè  èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ,   êîòîðûå

ïðèâåëè ê îòêàçó.

    59. &Ìåõàíèçì  îòêàçà&:  ôèçè÷åñêèé  èëè  õèìè÷åñêèé  failure mechanism

ïðîöåññ, êîòîðûé ïðèâîäèò ê îòêàçó.

    60.  &Îøèáêà  ÷åëîâåêà&:     äåéñòâèå      ÷åëîâåêà,  human error

ïðèâåäøåå ê íåïðåäíàìåðåííîìó ðåçóëüòàòó.

    61.   &Îòêàç   âñëåäñòâèå    èçíàøèâàíèÿ&:    îòêàç,  wearout failure

âåðîÿòíîñòü     âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ     êîòîðîãî    âîçðàñòàåò

ñ  òå÷åíèåì    âðåìåíè  èç-çà  íàêàïëèâàåìûõ  óõóäøåíèé,

âûçâàííûõ ïðèëàãàåìûìè ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè íàãðóçêàìè.

    62. &Îòêàç âñëåäñòâèå ñòàðåíèÿ&: îòêàç,  âåðîÿòíîñòü  ageing failure

âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ           êîòîðîãî           óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ

èç-çà íàêàïëèâàþùèõñÿ óõóäøåíèé ñ òå÷åíèåì  êàëåíäàðíîãî

âðåìåíè.

    63. &Îòêàçû  ïî  îáùåé  ïðè÷èíå&:  îòêàçû  ðàçëè÷íûõ  common cause

èçäåëèé   èëè   èõ   ñîñòàâíûõ   ÷àñòåé,    ïðîèñõîäÿùèå  failures

èç-çà  îäíîãî  ñîáûòèÿ,  åñëè  ýòè  îòêàçû  íå  ÿâëÿþòñÿ

ñëåäñòâèÿìè äðóã äðóãà.

    64. &Îòêàçû îáùåãî âèäà&: îòêàçû  ðàçëè÷íûõ  èçäåëèé  common mode

èëè èõ ñîñòàâíûõ ÷àñòåé, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèåñÿ îäíèì  è  òåì  failures

æå âèäîì îòêàçà.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ.  1.  Îòêàçû  îáùåãî  âèäà  ìîãóò   èìåòü

ðàçëè÷íûå ïðè÷èíû.

    2. Îòêàçû îáùåãî  âèäà  ìîãóò  òàêæå  áûòü  îòêàçàìè

ïî îáùåé ïðè÷èíå.

 

    65.  &Ïðîÿâëåíèå  ñêðûòîé   íåèñïðàâíîñòè&:   îòêàç,  manifestation

êîòîðûé    óêàçûâàåò    íà     ñóùåñòâîâàíèå     ñêðûòîé  of a latent fault

íåèñïðàâíîñòè.

    66. &Êðèòè÷íîñòü îòêàçà&: îöåíêà  âîçìîæíîé  ñòåïåíè  failure

òÿæåñòè ïîñëåäñòâèé îòêàçà.                               criticality

    67.  &Êðèòè÷åñêèé  îòêàç&:  îòêàç,   êîòîðûé   ìîæåò  critical failure

ïðèâåñòè ê òÿæåëûì  ïîñëåäñòâèÿì:  òðàâìèðîâàíèþ  ëþäåé,

çíà÷èòåëüíîìó  ìàòåðèàëüíîìó  óùåðáó  èëè   íåïðèåìëåìûì

ýêîëîãè÷åñêèì ïîñëåäñòâèÿì.

    68.  &Ïîâðåæäåíèå&:  ïðèåìëåìàÿ   äëÿ   ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ  damage

íåïîëíàÿ   ñïîñîáíîñòü   èçäåëèÿ   âûïîëíèòü   òðåáóåìóþ

ôóíêöèþ.

 

         Ïîíÿòèÿ, îòíîñÿùèåñÿ ê íåèñïðàâíîñòÿì

 

    69.     &Íåèñïðàâíîñòü&:     ñîñòîÿíèå      èçäåëèÿ,  fault

õàðàêòåðèçóþùååñÿ  íåñïîñîáíîñòüþ  âûïîëíèòü   òðåáóåìóþ

ôóíêöèþ,   èñêëþ÷àÿ   òàêóþ   íåñïîñîáíîñòü   âî   âðåìÿ

ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ  èëè  äðóãèõ

çàïëàíèðîâàííûõ  äåéñòâèé  èëè  èç-çà  íåõâàòêè  âíåøíèõ

ðåñóðñîâ.

    70.   &Ñòàáèëüíàÿ   íåèñïðàâíîñòü&:   íåèñïðàâíîñòü,  permanent fault

êîòîðàÿ  ìîæåò   áûòü   óñòðàíåíà   òîëüêî   ñ   ïîìîùüþ

êîððåêòèðóþùåãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    71.  &Íåñòàáèëüíàÿ  íåèñïðàâíîñòü&:   íåèñïðàâíîñòü,  transient fault

ïðîÿâëåíèå êîòîðîé èñ÷åçàåò áåç âìåøàòåëüñòâà.

    72.  &Ïåðåìåæàþùàÿñÿ  íåèñïðàâíîñòü&:   íåñòàáèëüíàÿ  intermittent

íåèñïðàâíîñòü, ïðîÿâëÿþùàÿñÿ íåîäíîêðàòíî.                fault

    73. &Íåÿâíàÿ íåèñïðàâíîñòü&: íåèñïðàâíîñòü,  êîòîðàÿ  dormant fault

âûçûâàåò îøèáêó ïðè ñïåöèôè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèÿõ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Íåÿâíàÿ íåèñïðàâíîñòü  ÿâëÿåòñÿ  ñêðûòîé

äî ïåðâîãî ïðîÿâëåíèÿ.

 

    74. &Ñêðûòàÿ íåèñïðàâíîñòü&:  ñóùåñòâóþùàÿ,  íî  åùå  latent fault

íå âûÿâëåííàÿ íåèñïðàâíîñòü.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ñêðûòàÿ íåèñïðàâíîñòü â  êîíå÷íîì  ñ÷åòå

ìîæåò   áûòü   îáíàðóæåíà    äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèìè   ìåòîäàìè

èëè ïðè îòêàçå.

 

    75. &Ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêàÿ íåèñïðàâíîñòü&:  íåèñïðàâíîñòü,  systematic fault

êîòîðàÿ   ðåãóëÿðíî   ïðîÿâëÿåòñÿ   ïðè    âîçíèêíîâåíèè

îïðåäåëåííûõ îáñòîÿòåëüñòâ.

    76. &Êîíñòðóêöèîííàÿ  íåèñïðàâíîñòü&:  íåèñïðàâíîñòü  design fault

èç-çà íåñîâåðøåíñòâà ðàçðàáîòêè èçäåëèÿ.

    77. &Ïðîèçâîäñòâåííàÿ íåèñïðàâíîñòü&:  íåèñïðàâíîñòü  manufacturing

èç-çà íåàäåêâàòíîãî èçãîòîâëåíèÿ èçäåëèÿ.                 fault

    78. &×àñòè÷íàÿ  íåèñïðàâíîñòü&:  ñîñòîÿíèå  èçäåëèÿ,  partial fault

õàðàêòåðèçóþùååñÿ íåñïîñîáíîñòüþ âûïîëíèòü íåêîòîðûå, íå

âñå òðåáóåìûå ôóíêöèè.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. ×àñòè÷íàÿ  íåèñïðàâíîñòü  èçäåëèÿ  ìîæåò

áûòü   ðåçóëüòàòîì   íåèñïðàâíîñòåé   ñîñòàâíûõ   ÷àñòåé

íà íèçêèõ óðîâíÿõ ðàçóêðóïíåíèÿ.

 

          Âåëè÷èíû è ïîêàçàòåëè áåçîòêàçíîñòè,

             äîëãîâå÷íîñòè è ñîõðàíÿåìîñòè

 

    79. &Íàðàáîòêà  äî  îòêàçà&: íàðàáîòêà,  íàêîïëåííàÿ  operating time

îò   ïåðâîãî   èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ   èçäåëèÿ   èëè   îò    åãî  to failure

âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ äî îòêàçà.

    80.  &Íàðàáîòêà  äî  ïåðâîãî   îòêàçà&:   íàðàáîòêà,  operating time

íàêîïëåííàÿ îò  ïåðâîãî  èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ  èçäåëèÿ  äî  åãî  to first failure

îòêàçà.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Íàðàáîòêà  äî  ïåðâîãî  îòêàçà  ÿâëÿåòñÿ

÷àñòíûì ñëó÷àåì íàðàáîòêè äî îòêàçà.

 

    81. &Âðåìÿ   ìåæäó  îòêàçàìè&:   èíòåðâàë    âðåìåíè  time between

ìåæäó       äâóìÿ       ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûìè       îòêàçàìè  failures

âîññòàíàâëèâàåìîãî èçäåëèÿ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.   Âðåìÿ    ìåæäó    îòêàçàìè    âêëþ÷àåò

ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ  èçäåëèÿ  è

ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ èçäåëèÿ.

 

    82. &Íàðàáîòêà ìåæäó îòêàçàìè&: ñóììàðíàÿ  íàðàáîòêà  operating time

âîññòàíàâëèâàåìîãî èçäåëèÿ ìåæäó äâóìÿ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûìè  between failures

îòêàçàìè.

    83. &Âðåìÿ  äî âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ&:   èíòåðâàë   âðåìåíè  time

îò ìîìåíòà îòêàçà èçäåëèÿ äî ìîìåíòà åãî âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ.  to restoration,

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.  Êîãäà    ìîìåíò  îòêàçà  íå  îïðåäåëåí,  time to recovery

òî ïðåäïîëàãàþò, ÷òî èíòåðâàë âðåìåíè  íà÷èíàåòñÿ  ïîñëå

îáíàðóæåíèÿ îòêàçà.

 

     84. &Ñðîê ñëóæáû&:  ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü  ýêñïëóàòàöèè  useful life

èçäåëèÿ èëè åå âîçîáíîâëåíèÿ ïîñëå êàïèòàëüíîãî  ðåìîíòà

äî íàñòóïëåíèÿ ïðåäåëüíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ.

     85. &Ïåðèîä ïðèðàáîòêè&: íà÷àëüíûé ïåðèîä  â  æèçíè  early failure

èçäåëèÿ, åñëè îí ñóùåñòâóåò, â òå÷åíèå êîòîðîãî ïàðàìåòð  period

ïîòîêà   îòêàçîâ    âîññòàíàâëèâàåìîãî    èçäåëèÿ    èëè

èíòåíñèâíîñòü   îòêàçîâ   íåâîññòàíàâëèâàåìîãî   èçäåëèÿ

óìåíüøàþòñÿ  ñî  âðåìåíåì  äî  îòíîñèòåëüíî  ïîñòîÿííîãî

çíà÷åíèÿ.

     86. &Ïåðèîä ïîñòîÿííîãî ïàðàìåòðà ïîòîêà  îòêàçîâ&:  constant failure

ïåðèîä  â  æèçíè  âîññòàíàâëèâàåìîãî  èçäåëèÿ,  åñëè  îí  intensity period

ñóùåñòâóåò,  â  òå÷åíèå  êîòîðîãî  åãî  ïàðàìåòð  ïîòîêà

îòêàçîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî ïîñòîÿííûì.

     87.  &Ïåðèîä  ïîñòîÿííîé  èíòåíñèâíîñòè   îòêàçîâ&:  constant failure

ïåðèîä â æèçíè  íåâîññòàíàâëèâàåìîãî  èçäåëèÿ,  åñëè  îí  rate period

ñóùåñòâóåò, âî âðåìÿ êîòîðîãî åãî èíòåíñèâíîñòü  îòêàçîâ

ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî ïîñòîÿííîé.

     88. &Ïåðèîä  èçíîñîâûõ  îòêàçîâ&:  ïåðèîä  â  æèçíè  wearout failure

èçäåëèÿ, åñëè îí ñóùåñòâóåò, â òå÷åíèå êîòîðîãî ïàðàìåòð  period

ïîòîêà      îòêàçîâ      âîññòàíàâëèâàåìîãî      èçäåëèÿ

èëè èíòåíñèâíîñòü îòêàçîâ  íåâîññòàíàâëèâàåìîãî  èçäåëèÿ

óâåëè÷èâàþòñÿ ñî âðåìåíåì.

     89. &Âåðîÿòíîñòü   áåçîòêàçíîé   ðàáîòû   &:  reliability

âåðîÿòíîñòü âûïîëíèòü òðåáóåìóþ ôóíêöèþ ïðè äàííûõ        (measure)

óñëîâèÿõ â èíòåðâàëå âðåìåíè .

    Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ. 1. Îáû÷íî  ïðåäïîëàãàþò,  ÷òî  â  íà÷àëå

èíòåðâàëà âðåìåíè èçäåëèå  íàõîäèòñÿ  â  ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîì

ñîñòîÿíèè.

    2. Ïðè  è  îáîçíà÷àþò êàê R(t).

 

     90. &Ìãíîâåííàÿ    èíòåíñèâíîñòü   îòêàçîâ   &:  instantaneous

ïðåäåë,   åñëè   îí    ñóùåñòâóåò,   îòíîøåíèÿ  óñëîâíîé  failure rate

âåðîÿòíîñòè, ÷òî ìîìåíò îòêàçà íåðåìîíòèðóåìîãî  èçäåëèÿ

ïðîèçîéäåò â èíòåðâàëå  âðåìåíè  ê  äëèíå  ýòîãî

èíòåðâàëà ,  ñòðåìÿùåéñÿ  ê  íóëþ,  ïðè  óñëîâèè, ÷òî

â    íà÷àëå    ýòîãî   èíòåðâàëà   èçäåëèå    íàõîäèëîñü

â ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîì ñîñòîÿíèè.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.   Ìãíîâåííóþ    èíòåíñèâíîñòü    îòêàçîâ

âû÷èñëÿþò ïî ôîðìóëå

 

                ,

 

    ãäå F(t)  è  f(t)  ÿâëÿþòñÿ  ôóíêöèåé  ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ

è ïëîòíîñòüþ ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ âåðîÿòíîñòè îòêàçà.

 

     91.  &Ñðåäíÿÿ   èíòåíñèâíîñòü   îòêàçîâ   &:  mean failure rate

ñðåäíåå   çíà÷åíèå   ìãíîâåííîé   èíòåíñèâíîñòè  îòêàçîâ

â èíòåðâàëå âðåìåíè .

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ñðåäíþþ èíòåíñèâíîñòü îòêàçîâ  âû÷èñëÿþò

ïî ôîðìóëå

 

                       .

 

    92.  &Ìãíîâåííûé  ïàðàìåòð  ïîòîêà  îòêàçîâ   z(t)&:  instantaneous

ïðåäåë, åñëè îí  ñóùåñòâóåò,  îòíîøåíèÿ  ñðåäíåãî  ÷èñëà  failure intensity

îòêàçîâ  ðåìîíòèðóåìîãî  èçäåëèÿ   â  èíòåðâàëå  âðåìåíè

 ê   äëèíå  ýòîãî   èíòåðâàëà  ,  ñòðåìÿùåéñÿ

ê íóëþ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.  Ìãíîâåííûé  ïàðàìåòð   ïîòîêà   îòêàçîâ

âûðàæåí ôîðìóëîé

 

                    ,

 

    ãäå N(t) - ÷èñëî îòêàçîâ â èíòåðâàëå âðåìåíè (0, t);

    E - ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå îæèäàíèå.

 

    93.  &Ñðåäíèé   ïàðàìåòð  ïîòîêà   îòêàçîâ  &:  mean failure

ñðåäíåå   çíà÷åíèå   ìãíîâåííîé   èíòåíñèâíîñòè   îòêàçà  intensity

â èíòåðâàëå âðåìåíè .

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ñðåäíèé ïàðàìåòð ïîòîêà  îòêàçîâ  ñâÿçàí

ñ ìãíîâåííûì ïàðàìåòðîì ïîòîêà îòêàçîâ z(t) ñëåäóþùèì

îáðàçîì

 

                       .

 

    94. &Àñèìïòîòè÷åñêèé ïàðàìåòð ïîòîêà îòêàçîâ  &:  asymptotic

ïðåäåë, åñëè îí ñóùåñòâóåò, ìãíîâåííîãî ïàðàìåòðà ïîòîêà  failure intensity

îòêàçîâ z(t), êîãäà âðåìÿ ñòðåìèòñÿ ê áåñêîíå÷íîñòè.

    95.   &Ñðåäíÿÿ   íàðàáîòêà   äî   ïåðâîãî   îòêàçà&:  mean operating

ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå îæèäàíèå íàðàáîòêè äî ïåðâîãî îòêàçà.      time to first

                                                          failure; MTTFF

    96. &Ñðåäíÿÿ íàðàáîòêà  äî  îòêàçà&:  ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå  mean operating

îæèäàíèå íàðàáîòêè äî îòêàçà.                             time to failure;

                                                          MTTF

    97.    &Ñðåäíÿÿ    íàðàáîòêà    ìåæäó     îòêàçàìè&:  mean operating

ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå îæèäàíèå íàðàáîòêè ìåæäó îòêàçàìè.         time between

                                                          failures; MTBF

    98. &Ðåñóðñ&: ñóììàðíàÿ íàðàáîòêà èçäåëèÿ â  òå÷åíèå  operating life

ñðîêà ñëóæáû.

    99.   &Ãàììà-ïðîöåíòíàÿ   íàðàáîòêà   äî    îòêàçà&:  gamma-percentile

íàðàáîòêà,  â   òå÷åíèå   êîòîðîé   îòêàç  íå  âîçíèêíåò  operating time

ñ âåðîÿòíîñòüþ , âûðàæåííîé â ïðîöåíòàõ.                to failure

    100. &Ñðåäíèé ñðîê ñëóæáû&: ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå  îæèäàíèå  mean useful life

ñðîêà ñëóæáû.

    101. &Ãàììà-ïðîöåíòíûé  ñðîê ñëóæáû&:  ñðîê  ñëóæáû,  gamma-percentile

â òå÷åíèå  êîòîðîãî  èçäåëèå  íå  äîñòèãíåò  ïðåäåëüíîãî  useful life

ñîñòîÿíèÿ ñ âåðîÿòíîñòüþ , âûðàæåííîé â ïðîöåíòàõ.

    102.  &Ñðåäíèé  ðåñóðñ&:   ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå   îæèäàíèå  mean operating

ðåñóðñà.                                                  life

    103. &Ãàììà-ïðîöåíòíûé ðåñóðñ&:  ðåñóðñ,  â  òå÷åíèå  gamma-percentile

êîòîðîãî  èçäåëèå  íå  äîñòèãíåò  ïðåäåëüíîãî  ñîñòîÿíèÿ  operating life

ñ âåðîÿòíîñòüþ , âûðàæåííîé â ïðîöåíòàõ.

    104.  &Îñòàòî÷íûé   ñðîê   ñëóæáû&:   ñðîê   ñëóæáû,  residual useful

èñ÷èñëÿåìûé îò òåêóùåãî ìîìåíòà âðåìåíè.                  life

    105. &Îñòàòî÷íûé   ðåñóðñ&:    ðåñóðñ,   èñ÷èñëÿåìûé  residual

îò çíà÷åíèÿ íàðàáîòêè â òåêóùèé ìîìåíò âðåìåíè.           operating life

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.  Ñðåäíèé  (ãàììà-ïðîöåíòíûé)  îñòàòî÷íûé

ñðîê ñëóæáû îïðåäåëÿþò àíàëîãè÷íî ñðåäíåìó  102  (ãàììà-

ïðîöåíòíîìó   103)   ñðîêó   ñëóæáû.   Ñðåäíèé   (ãàììà-

ïðîöåíòíûé)  îñòàòî÷íûé  ðåñóðñ  îïðåäåëÿþò   àíàëîãè÷íî

ñðåäíåìó 100 (ãàììà-ïðîöåíòíîìó 101) ðåñóðñó.

 

    106.     &Ñðîê      ñîõðàíÿåìîñòè&:      êàëåíäàðíàÿ  storability time

ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü õðàíåíèÿ èçäåëèÿ, â  òå÷åíèå  è  ïîñëå

êîòîðîé èçäåëèå ñïîñîáíî âûïîëíÿòü òðåáóåìóþ ôóíêöèþ.

    107.    &Ãàììà-ïðîöåíòíûé    ñðîê    ñîõðàíÿåìîñòè&:  gamma-percentile

êàëåíäàðíàÿ    ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü    õðàíåíèÿ    èçäåëèÿ,  storability time

â òå÷åíèå è ïîñëå  êîòîðîé  èçäåëèå  ñïîñîáíî  âûïîëíÿòü

òðåáóåìóþ    ôóíêöèþ   ñ   âåðîÿòíîñòüþ  ,  âûðàæåííîé

â ïðîöåíòàõ.

    108. &Ñðåäíèé  ñðîê  ñîõðàíÿåìîñòè&:  ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå  mean storability

îæèäàíèå ñðîêà ñîõðàíÿåìîñòè.                             time

 

    Ïîíÿòèÿ, îòíîñÿùèåñÿ ê òåõíè÷åñêîìó îáñëóæèâàíèþ

                    è åãî ïîääåðæêå

 

    109.   &Òåõíè÷åñêîå   îáñëóæèâàíèå&        îáëàñòè  maintenance

íàäåæíîñòè â òåõíèêå): ñîâîêóïíîñòü  âñåõ  òåõíè÷åñêèõ è

îðãàíèçàöèîííûõ äåéñòâèé,  íàïðàâëåííûõ  íà  ïîääåðæàíèå

èëè âîçâðàùåíèå èçäåëèÿ â ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå ñîñòîÿíèå.

    110. &Ñòðàòåãèÿ  òåõíè÷åñêîãî  îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&:  îáùèé  maintenance

ïîäõîä ê îáåñïå÷åíèþ  òåõíè÷åñêîãî  îáñëóæèâàíèÿ  è  åãî  policy

ïîääåðæêè, îñíîâàííûé íà öåëÿõ  è  ïîëèòèêå  âëàäåëüöåâ,

ïîëüçîâàòåëåé è êëèåíòîâ.

    111. &Êîíöåïöèÿ òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&: îïèñàíèå  maintenance

âçàèìîñâÿçåé ìåæäó ýøåëîíàìè òåõíè÷åñêîãî  îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,  concept

óðîâíÿìè   ðàçóêðóïíåíèÿ   è    óðîâíÿìè    òåõíè÷åñêîãî

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ äëÿ  ïîñëåäóþùåãî  ïðîâåäåíèÿ  òåõíè÷åñêîãî

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ èçäåëèÿ.

    112. &Ïëàí òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&: äîêóìåíòàëüíî  maintenance plan

îôîðìëåííûé íàáîð çàäà÷, ìåòîäîâ, ðåñóðñîâ è òåõíè÷åñêèõ

ñðåäñòâ, êîòîðûå  áóäóò  èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ  â  îïðåäåëåííîì

ïîðÿäêå   ïðè   ïðîâåäåíèè   òåõíè÷åñêîãî   îáñëóæèâàíèÿ

êîíêðåòíîãî èçäåëèÿ.

    113. &Ãðàôèê òåõíè÷åñêîãî  îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&:  äîêóìåíò,  maintenance

óñòàíàâëèâàþùèé ðàñïèñàíèå âî âðåìåíè ïîðÿäêà âûïîëíåíèÿ  schedule

ðàáîò ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Âðåìåííîé ïîðÿäîê ìîæåò  áûòü  îïðåäåëåí

êàê  ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåå  èçäåëèþ  è  åãî  ýêñïëóàòàöèîííîìó

ñîñòîÿíèþ  ðàñïèñàíèå  ðàáîò  â   êàëåíäàðíîì   âðåìåíè,

âðåìåíè  ïðè  õðàíåíèè,  ðàáî÷åì  âðåìåíè,  öèêëàõ   èëè

ðàññòîÿíèè.

 

    114. &Ýøåëîí   òåõíè÷åñêîãî  îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&:    ìåñòî  maintenance

â   îðãàíèçàöèîííîé   ñòðóêòóðå,    ãäå    ïðåäóñìîòðåíî  echelon

âûïîëíåíèå     îïðåäåëåííûõ     óðîâíåé     òåõíè÷åñêîãî

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ïðèìåðàìè ìîãóò  áûòü  ïîëåâûå  óñëîâèÿ,

ðåìîíòíàÿ ìàñòåðñêàÿ, ñðåäñòâà èçãîòîâèòåëÿ.

 

    115.  &Óðîâåíü  òåõíè÷åñêîãî  îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&:   íàáîð  maintenance level

îïåðàöèé    òåõíè÷åñêîãî    îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,     ïîäëåæàùèõ

âûïîëíåíèþ íà îïðåäåëåííîì óðîâíå ðàçóêðóïíåíèÿ.

    116.  &Ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîå  òåõíè÷åñêîå  îáñëóæèâàíèå&:  preventive

òåõíè÷åñêîå îáñëóæèâàíèå, âûïîëíÿåìîå ñ öåëüþ óìåíüøåíèÿ  maintenance

âåðîÿòíîñòè    îòêàçà    èëè    êîìïåíñàöèè     ñíèæåíèÿ

ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ è ïðîâîäèìîå  äî  íàñòóïëåíèÿ

îòêàçà    ÷åðåç    çàðàíåå    óñòàíîâëåííûå    èíòåðâàëû

èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ èëè õðàíåíèÿ èëè ïî ïðåäïèñàííûì êðèòåðèÿì

îöåíêè ñîñòîÿíèÿ èçäåëèÿ.

    117.  &Êîððåêòèðóþùåå   òåõíè÷åñêîå   îáñëóæèâàíèå&:  corrective

òåõíè÷åñêîå îáñëóæèâàíèå, âûïîëíÿåìîå ïîñëå  îáíàðóæåíèÿ  maintenance

íåèñïðàâíîñòè      ñ     öåëüþ    âîçâðàùåíèÿ    èçäåëèÿ

â ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå ñîñòîÿíèå.

    118.  &Òåõíè÷åñêîå   îáñëóæèâàíèå   ïî   ñîñòîÿíèþ&:  condition

ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîå òåõíè÷åñêîå îáñëóæèâàíèå, îñíîâàííîå     based

íà îöåíêå ðåçóëüòàòîâ ìîíèòîðèíãà ôèçè÷åñêèõ ïàðàìåòðîâ.  maintenance

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.   Ìîíèòîðèíã   ïàðàìåòðîâ   ìîæåò   áûòü

íåïðåðûâíûì, ïî ðàñïèñàíèþ èëè ïî çàïðîñó.

 

    119.  &Òåõíè÷åñêîå   îáñëóæèâàíèå,   îðèåíòèðîâàííîå  reliability

íà    áåçîòêàçíîñòü&:     ñèñòåìàòèçèðîâàííûé     ìåòîä,  centred

îïðåäåëÿþùèé ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå çàäà÷è è ÷àñòîòó ïîâòîðåíèÿ  maintenance; RCM

îïåðàöèé òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,  â  îñíîâó  êîòîðîãî

ïîëîæåíû âåðîÿòíîñòè è ïîñëåäñòâèÿ îòêàçîâ.

    120.  &Àâòîìàòè÷åñêîå   òåõíè÷åñêîå   îáñëóæèâàíèå&:  automatic

òåõíè÷åñêîå îáñëóæèâàíèå, âûïîëíÿåìîå áåç  âìåøàòåëüñòâà  maintenance

÷åëîâåêà.

    121.   &Îòñðî÷åííîå    òåõíè÷åñêîå    îáñëóæèâàíèå&:  deferred

òåõíè÷åñêîå îáñëóæèâàíèå, îòëîæåííîå ïîñëå  óñòàíîâëåíèÿ  maintenance

ïîòðåáíîñòè â åãî ïðîâåäåíèè, â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïðèíÿòûìè

ïðàâèëàìè òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ. 1. Îòñðî÷åííîå òåõíè÷åñêîå  îáñëóæèâàíèå

ìîæåò îòíîñèòüñÿ ê ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîìó  è  êîððåêòèðóþùåìó

òåõíè÷åñêîìó îáñëóæèâàíèþ.

    2. Òåõíè÷åñêîå  îáñëóæèâàíèå  ìîæåò  áûòü  îòñðî÷åíî

â   öåëÿõ   îáåñïå÷åíèÿ   ãîòîâíîñòè,   ïî  ìàòåðèàëüíî-

òåõíè÷åñêèì, ýêîíîìè÷åñêèì èëè ýêîëîãè÷åñêèì ïðè÷èíàì.

 

    122.    &Çàäàíèå     òåõíè÷åñêîãî     îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&:  maintenance task

ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü  ýëåìåíòàðíûõ  îïåðàöèé  òåõíè÷åñêîãî

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ, ïðîâîäèìîãî ñ çàäàííîé öåëüþ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.   Ïðèìåðàìè   ìîãóò   áûòü   ëîêàëèçàöèÿ

íåèñïðàâíîñòè,      äèàãíîñòèðîâàíèå      íåèñïðàâíîñòè,

óñòðàíåíèå íåèñïðàâíîñòè, ïðîâåðêà ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ.

 

    123. &Ïëàíîâîå òåõíè÷åñêîå îáñëóæèâàíèå& (â  îáëàñòè  scheduled

íàäåæíîñòè   â   òåõíèêå):   òåõíè÷åñêîå   îáñëóæèâàíèå,  maintenance

âûïîëíÿåìîå â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ óñòàíîâëåííûì ðàñïèñàíèåì.

    124.   &Íåïëàíîâîå     òåõíè÷åñêîå     îáñëóæèâàíèå&  unscheduled

   îáëàñòè   íàäåæíîñòè   â   òåõíèêå):    òåõíè÷åñêîå  maintenance

îáñëóæèâàíèå, êîòîðîå íå ìîæåò áûòü îòñðî÷åíî.

    125. &Ðåìîíò&    îáëàñòè  íàäåæíîñòè  â  òåõíèêå):  repair

÷àñòü   êîððåêòèðóþùåãî    òåõíè÷åñêîãî    îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,

âêëþ÷àþùàÿ   íåïîñðåäñòâåííûå   äåéñòâèÿ,    âûïîëíÿåìûå

íà èçäåëèè.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.     Ðåìîíò     âêëþ÷àåò      ëîêàëèçàöèþ

íåèñïðàâíîñòè,      äèàãíîñòèðîâàíèå      íåèñïðàâíîñòè,

óñòðàíåíèå íåèñïðàâíîñòè è ïðîâåðêó ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ.

 

    126.   &Îáíàðóæåíèå      íåèñïðàâíîñòè&:    ñîáûòèå,  fault detection

ïðè êîòîðîì íàëè÷èå íåèñïðàâíîñòè ñòàíîâèòñÿ î÷åâèäíûì.

    127.    &Ëîêàëèçàöèÿ    íåèñïðàâíîñòè&:    äåéñòâèÿ,  fault

íàïðàâëåííûå  íà  èäåíòèôèêàöèþ  íåèñïðàâíîé   ñîñòàâíîé  localization

÷àñòè èëè íåñêîëüêèõ ñîñòàâíûõ ÷àñòåé íà ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåì

óðîâíå ðàçóêðóïíåíèÿ.

    128.  &Äèàãíîñòèðîâàíèå  íåèñïðàâíîñòè&:   äåéñòâèÿ,  fault diagnosis

ïðîâîäèìûå ñ öåëüþ óñòàíîâëåíèÿ  íàëè÷èÿ  íåèñïðàâíîñòè,

ëîêàëèçàöèè  íåèñïðàâíîñòè  è  îïðåäåëåíèÿ   ïðè÷èí   åå

ïîÿâëåíèÿ.

    129.    &Óñòðàíåíèå    íåèñïðàâíîñòè&:     äåéñòâèÿ,  fault correction

ïðîâîäèìûå    ïîñëå    äèàãíîñòèðîâàíèÿ    íåèñïðàâíîñòè

äëÿ âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ èçäåëèÿ.

    130.    &Ïðîâåðêà    ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ&:    äåéñòâèÿ,  function checkout

ïðîâîäèìûå      ïîñëå       óñòðàíåíèÿ     íåèñïðàâíîñòè

äëÿ ïîäòâåðæäåíèÿ ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ èçäåëèÿ.

    131. &Âîññòàíîâëåíèå&: ñîáûòèå,  ïðè  êîòîðîì  ïîñëå  recovery,

íåèñïðàâíîñòè   íàñòóïàåò   ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå    ñîñòîÿíèå  restoration

èçäåëèÿ.

    132.    &Òåõíè÷åñêîå    îáñëóæèâàíèå    íà     ìåñòå  on-site

ýêñïëóàòàöèè&:  òåõíè÷åñêîå   îáñëóæèâàíèå,  âûïîëíÿåìîå  maintenance,

íà ìåñòå èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ èëè õðàíåíèÿ èçäåëèÿ.              field maintenance

    133.    &Òåõíè÷åñêîå    îáñëóæèâàíèå    âíå    ìåñòà  off-site

ýêñïëóàòàöèè&:  òåõíè÷åñêîå  îáñëóæèâàíèå,   âûïîëíÿåìîå  maintenance

ïîñëå    óäàëåíèÿ    èçäåëèÿ   ñ   ìåñòà   èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ

èëè õðàíåíèÿ.

    134.  &Êîíòðîëü  ñîñòîÿíèÿ&:  îïåðàöèè,  âûïîëíÿåìûå  condition

àâòîìàòè÷åñêè   èëè    âðó÷íóþ   ñ   öåëüþ   îïðåäåëåíèÿ  monitoring

è êâàëèôèêàöèè ñîñòîÿíèÿ èçäåëèÿ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.     Êîíòðîëü      ñîñòîÿíèÿ   èñïîëüçóþò

äëÿ óñòàíîâëåíèÿ ïîòðåáíîñòè â òåõíè÷åñêîì îáñëóæèâàíèè.

 

    135.   &Äèñòàíöèîííîå   òåõíè÷åñêîå   îáñëóæèâàíèå&:  remote

òåõíè÷åñêîå îáñëóæèâàíèå,  âûïîëíÿåìîå  áåç  ôèçè÷åñêîãî  maintenance

äîñòóïà ïåðñîíàëà ê èçäåëèþ.

 

        Âåëè÷èíû è ïîêàçàòåëè ðåìîíòîïðèãîäíîñòè

         è ïîääåðæêè òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ

 

    136.    &Âåðîÿòíîñòü     âûïîëíåíèÿ     òåõíè÷åñêîãî  maintainability

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ  &: âåðîÿòíîñòü  âûïîëíåíèÿ çàäàíèÿ  (measure)

òåõíè÷åñêîãî   îáñëóæèâàíèÿ   èçäåëèÿ,  ýêñïëóàòèðóåìîãî

â äàííûõ  óñëîâèÿõ  â  óñòàíîâëåííûé   èíòåðâàë  âðåìåíè

 ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì øòàòíûõ ìåòîäîâ è ñðåäñòâ.

    137. &Ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü  òåõíè÷åñêîãî  îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&  maintenance time

  îáëàñòè íàäåæíîñòè â  òåõíèêå):  âðåìÿ  òåõíè÷åñêîãî

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,  âêëþ÷àÿ  âðåìÿ   âûïîëíåíèÿ   íåîáõîäèìûõ

äåéñòâèé,   à   òàêæå    ëþáûå   òåõíè÷åñêèå   çàäåðæêè,

âêëþ÷àÿ       ìàòåðèàëüíî-òåõíè÷åñêîå       îáåñïå÷åíèå,

êðîìå àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ çàäåðæåê  è  âðåìåíè  îáíàðóæåíèÿ

íåèñïðàâíîñòè.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.      íåêîòîðûõ   ñëó÷àÿõ    òåõíè÷åñêîå

îáñëóæèâàíèå  ìîæåò  âûïîëíÿòüñÿ  ïðè   ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèè

èçäåëèÿ.

 

    138.   &Òðóäîåìêîñòü   òåõíè÷åñêîãî   îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&:  maintenance

ñóììàðíûå   ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè   èíäèâèäóàëüíûõ    âðåìåí  man-hours; MMH

òåõíè÷åñêîãî   îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,   âûðàæåííûå    â    ÷àñàõ,

çàòðà÷åííûå  âñåì  ïåðñîíàëîì  ïðè  âûïîëíåíèè  äåéñòâèé

òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    139.  &Îïåðàòèâíàÿ  ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü   òåõíè÷åñêîãî  active

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&:   ÷àñòü   ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè    âûïîëíåíèÿ  maintenance time

òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ, âêëþ÷àÿ òåõíè÷åñêèå çàäåðæêè,

íî èñêëþ÷àÿ ëîãèñòè÷åñêèå çàäåðæêè.

    140.      &Ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü       ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîãî  preventive

òåõíè÷åñêîãî  îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&:   ÷àñòü   ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè  maintenance

òåõíè÷åñêîãî  îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,  ïîòðà÷åííàÿ  íà  âûïîëíåíèå  time

ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîãî  òåõíè÷åñêîãî  îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,   âêëþ÷àÿ

òåõíè÷åñêèå è ëîãèñòè÷åñêèå çàäåðæêè.

    141. &Ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü êîððåêòèðóþùåãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî  corrective

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&:  ÷àñòü   ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè   òåõíè÷åñêîãî  maintenance

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ, ïîòðà÷åííàÿ íà âûïîëíåíèå  êîððåêòèðóþùåãî  time

òåõíè÷åñêîãî    îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,    âêëþ÷àÿ     òåõíè÷åñêèå

è ëîãèñòè÷åñêèå çàäåðæêè.

    142.  &Îïåðàòèâíàÿ                 ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü  active preventive

ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîãî  òåõíè÷åñêîãî   îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&:   ÷àñòü  maintenance time

îïåðàòèâíîé ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,

ïîòðà÷åííàÿ íà âûïîëíåíèå ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    143. &Îïåðàòèâíàÿ ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü  êîððåêòèðóþùåãî  active corrective

òåõíè÷åñêîãî    îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&:     ÷àñòü     îïåðàòèâíîé  maintenance time

ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ, ïîòðà÷åííàÿ

íà  âûïîëíåíèå  äåéñòâèé  êîððåêòèðóþùåãî   òåõíè÷åñêîãî

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    144. &Âðåìÿ íåîáíàðóæåííîé íåèñïðàâíîñòè&:  èíòåðâàë  undetected fault

âðåìåíè   ìåæäó   îòêàçîì   è   îáíàðóæåíèåì   âîçíèêøåé  time

èç-çà íåãî íåèñïðàâíîñòè.

    145.    &Àäìèíèñòðàòèâíàÿ    çàäåðæêà&:     çàäåðæêà  administrative

âûïîëíåíèÿ    òåõíè÷åñêîãî    îáñëóæèâàíèÿ    âñëåäñòâèå  delay

àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ ïðè÷èí.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ïðèìåðîì ìîæåò áûòü îæèäàíèå  ðàçðåøåíèÿ

äîñòóïà ê èçäåëèþ.

 

    146. &Ëîãèñòè÷åñêàÿ çàäåðæêà&:  çàäåðæêà  âñëåäñòâèå  logistic delay

íåîáåñïå÷åííîñòè ðåñóðñàìè, íåîáõîäèìûìè äëÿ  ïðîâåäåíèÿ

òåõíè÷åñêîãî      îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,      çà      èñêëþ÷åíèåì

àäìèíèñòðàòèâíîé çàäåðæêè.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ïðèìåðàìè ìîãóò áûòü ïîåçäêà  äî  ìåñòà,

îæèäàíèå  çàïàñíûõ  ÷àñòåé,  ñïåöèàëèñòîâ,   èíôîðìàöèè,

íåïðèåìëåìûå óñëîâèÿ îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû.

 

    147.   &Âðåìÿ   óñòðàíåíèÿ   íåèñïðàâíîñòè&:   ÷àñòü  fault correction

îïåðàòèâíîé      ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè       êîððåêòèðóþùåãî  time

òåõíè÷åñêîãî  îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,  ïîòðà÷åííàÿ  íà  óñòðàíåíèå

íåèñïðàâíîñòè.

    148.  &Òåõíè÷åñêàÿ  çàäåðæêà&:  çàäåðæêà  âñëåäñòâèå  technical delay

âûïîëíåíèÿ   âñïîìîãàòåëüíûõ    òåõíè÷åñêèõ    äåéñòâèé,

ñâÿçàííûõ ñ  ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèì    çàäàíèåì    òåõíè÷åñêîãî

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.   Ïðèìåðàìè    ìîãóò    áûòü    äåéñòâèÿ

ïî îáåñïå÷åíèþ  áåçîïàñíîñòè  îáîðóäîâàíèÿ:  îòêëþ÷åíèå,

îõëàæäåíèå, èçîëÿöèÿ è çàçåìëåíèå.

 

    149.  &Âðåìÿ   ïðîâåðêè   ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ&:   ÷àñòü  function checkout

îïåðàòèâíîé ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,  time

ïîòðà÷åííàÿ íà ïðîâåðêó ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ.

    150.  &Âðåìÿ   îáíàðóæåíèÿ   íåèñïðàâíîñòè&:   ÷àñòü  fault diagnosis

îïåðàòèâíîé      ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè       êîððåêòèðóþùåãî  time

òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,  ïîòðà÷åííàÿ  íà  îáíàðóæåíèå

íåèñïðàâíîñòè.

    151.  &Âðåìÿ   ëîêàëèçàöèè   íåèñïðàâíîñòè&:   ÷àñòü  fault

îïåðàòèâíîé      ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè       êîððåêòèðóþùåãî  localization time

òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,  ïîòðà÷åííàÿ  íà  ëîêàëèçàöèþ

íåèñïðàâíîñòè.

    152. &Ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü ðåìîíòà&: ÷àñòü  îïåðàòèâíîé  repair time

ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè      êîððåêòèðóþùåãî      òåõíè÷åñêîãî

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ, ïîòðà÷åííàÿ íà ðåìîíò.

    153. &Èíòåíñèâíîñòü  âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ  &:  ïðåäåë,  repair rate,

åñëè  îí  ñóùåñòâóåò,  îòíîøåíèÿ  óñëîâíîé   âåðîÿòíîñòè  instantaneous

îêîí÷àíèÿ êîððåêòèðóþùåãî ðåìîíòà  â  èíòåðâàëå  âðåìåíè  repair rate

  ê   äëèíå  ýòîãî  èíòåðâàëà  ,  ñòðåìÿùåéñÿ

ê íóëþ, ïðè óñëîâèè, ÷òî ðåìîíò áûë íà÷àò âî âðåìÿ t = 0

è íå áûë çàêîí÷åí äî âðåìåíè t.

    154.    &Ñðåäíÿÿ     ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü     ðåìîíòà&:  mean repair time;

ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå îæèäàíèå ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè ðåìîíòà.        MRT

    155. &Ñðåäíåå çíà÷åíèå îïåðàòèâíîé ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè  mean active

êîððåêòèðóþùåãî       òåõíè÷åñêîãî        îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&:  corrective

ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå  îæèäàíèå  îïåðàòèâíîé  ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè  maintenance time

êîððåêòèðóþùåãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    156.    &Ñðåäíåå    âðåìÿ    äî     âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ&:  mean time

ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå îæèäàíèå âðåìåíè äî âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ.        to recovery;

                                                          MTTR

    157.  &Ïîëíîòà  îáíàðóæåíèÿ  íåèñïðàâíîñòåé&:   äîëÿ  fault coverage

íåèñïðàâíîñòåé, êîòîðûå ìîãóò áûòü äèàãíîñòèðîâàíû

â äàííûõ óñëîâèÿõ.

    158.   &Ïîëíîòà    ðåìîíòà&:    äîëÿ    îáíàðóæåííûõ  repair coverage

íåèñïðàâíîñòåé, êîòîðûå ìîãóò áûòü óñïåøíî óñòðàíåíû.

    159.    &Ñðåäíÿÿ     àäìèíèñòðàòèâíàÿ     çàäåðæêà&:  mean

ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå îæèäàíèå àäìèíèñòðàòèâíîé çàäåðæêè.        administrative

                                                          delay

    160.     &Ñðåäíÿÿ      ëîãèñòè÷åñêàÿ      çàäåðæêà&:  mean logistic

ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå îæèäàíèå ëîãèñòè÷åñêîé çàäåðæêè.           delay

    161.  &Ãàììà-ïðîöåíòíîå  âðåìÿ  äî  âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ&:  gamma-percentile

âðåìÿ,   â   òå÷åíèå   êîòîðîãî   âîññòàíîâëåíèå   áóäåò  operating time

îñóùåñòâëåíî ñ âåðîÿòíîñòüþ , âûðàæåííîé â ïðîöåíòàõ.   to recovery

 

                 Ïîêàçàòåëè ãîòîâíîñòè

 

    162.  &Êîýôôèöèåíò   ãîòîâíîñòè&           îáëàñòè  availability

íàäåæíîñòè â  òåõíèêå): âåðîÿòíîñòü  òîãî,  ÷òî  èçäåëèå  (measure),

â äàííûé  ìîìåíò  âðåìåíè  íàõîäèòñÿ  â  ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîì  inherent

ñîñòîÿíèè, îïðåäåëåííàÿ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè  ñ  ïðîåêòîì  ïðè  availability

çàäàííûõ  óñëîâèÿõ   ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ   è   òåõíè÷åñêîãî

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    163.  &Ýêñïëóàòàöèîííûé   êîýôôèöèåíò   ãîòîâíîñòè&:  operational

âåðîÿòíîñòü òîãî, ÷òî èçäåëèå â  äàííûé  ìîìåíò  âðåìåíè  availability

íàõîäèòñÿ  â  ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîì  ñîñòîÿíèè,   îïðåäåëåííàÿ

èç   îïûòà  ïðè  ôàêòè÷åñêèõ  óñëîâèÿõ  ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ

è òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    164.  &Ìãíîâåííûé  êîýôôèöèåíò   ãîòîâíîñòè   A(t)&:  instantaneous

âåðîÿòíîñòü òîãî, ÷òî èçäåëèå â  äàííûé  ìîìåíò  âðåìåíè  availability

íàõîäèòñÿ â ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîì ñîñòîÿíèè.

    165. &Ìãíîâåííûé   êîýôôèöèåíò  íåãîòîâíîñòè  U(t)&:  instantaneous

âåðîÿòíîñòü òîãî, ÷òî èçäåëèå â  äàííûé  ìîìåíò  âðåìåíè  unavailability

íàõîäèòñÿ â  íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîì  ñîñòîÿíèè  ïðè  óñëîâèè,

÷òî íåîáõîäèìûå âíåøíèå ðåñóðñû ïðåäîñòàâëåíû.

    166.  &Ñðåäíèé  êîýôôèöèåíò   ãîòîâíîñòè   &:  mean availability

ñðåäíåå çíà÷åíèå       ìãíîâåííîãî          êîýôôèöèåíòà

ãîòîâíîñòè íà èíòåðâàëå âðåìåíè .

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ñðåäíèé êîýôôèöèåíò ãîòîâíîñòè âû÷èñëÿþò

ïî ôîðìóëå

 

                       .

 

    167. &Ñðåäíèé  êîýôôèöèåíò   íåãîòîâíîñòè  &:  mean

ñðåäíåå çíà÷åíèå ìãíîâåííîãî  êîýôôèöèåíòà  íåãîòîâíîñòè  unavailability

íà èíòåðâàëå âðåìåíè .

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.   Ñðåäíèé    êîýôôèöèåíò    íåãîòîâíîñòè

âû÷èñëÿþò ïî ôîðìóëå

 

                       .

 

    168.  &Ñòàöèîíàðíûé   êîýôôèöèåíò   ãîòîâíîñòè   A&:  steady state

ïðåäåë, åñëè îí ñóùåñòâóåò, ìãíîâåííîé ãîòîâíîñòè, êîãäà  availability,

âðåìÿ ñòðåìèòñÿ ê áåñêîíå÷íîñòè.                          asymptotic

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ïðè îïðåäåëåííûõ  óñëîâèÿõ  ñòàöèîíàðíûé  availability

êîýôôèöèåíò ãîòîâíîñòè ìîæåò áûòü âûðàæåí êàê  îòíîøåíèå

ñðåäíåé  ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè  ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî   ñîñòîÿíèÿ

ê  ñóììå  ñðåäíåé   ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè   ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî

ñîñòîÿíèÿ è ñðåäíåé ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî

ñîñòîÿíèÿ ïî âíóòðåííåé ïðè÷èíå.

 

    169.  &Ñòàöèîíàðíûé  êîýôôèöèåíò  íåãîòîâíîñòè   U&:  steady state

ïðåäåë, åñëè  îí  ñóùåñòâóåò,  ìãíîâåííîé  íåãîòîâíîñòè,  unavailability

êîãäà âðåìÿ ñòðåìèòñÿ ê áåñêîíå÷íîñòè.

    170.  &Ñðåäíÿÿ  ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü   ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî  mean up time

ñîñòîÿíèÿ&:  ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå  îæèäàíèå  ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè

ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ.

    171. &Ñðåäíÿÿ  ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü  íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî  mean down time

ñîñòîÿíèÿ&:  ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå  îæèäàíèå  ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè

íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ.

    172.    &Êîýôôèöèåíò    îïåðàòèâíîé     ãîòîâíîñòè&:  operating

âåðîÿòíîñòü òîãî, ÷òî èçäåëèå â äàííûé  ìîìåíò   âðåìåíè  instantaneous

 íàõîäèòñÿ  â  ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîì  ñîñòîÿíèè  è,  íà÷èíàÿ  availability

ñ   ýòîãî   ìîìåíòà,    âûïîëíèò    òðåáóåìóþ    ôóíêöèþ

ïðè äàííûõ óñëîâèÿõ â èíòåðâàëå .

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.   Êîýôôèöèåíò   îïåðàòèâíîé   ãîòîâíîñòè

ïðè    îïðåäåëåííûõ    óñëîâèÿõ    ïðåäñòàâëÿåò    ñîáîé

ïðîèçâåäåíèå  êîýôôèöèåíòà  ãîòîâíîñòè   è   âåðîÿòíîñòè

áåçîòêàçíîé ðàáîòû.

 

    173.  &Êîýôôèöèåíò     òåõíè÷åñêîãî   èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ&  steady-state

  îáëàñòè  íàäåæíîñòè   â   òåõíèêå):   äîëÿ   âðåìåíè  availability

íàõîæäåíèÿ   èçäåëèÿ   â    ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîì    ñîñòîÿíèè  ratio

îòíîñèòåëüíî   îáùåé    ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè   ýêñïëóàòàöèè

â  çàäàííîì  èíòåðâàëå   âðåìåíè,   âêëþ÷àÿ   âñå   âèäû

òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.

    174.   &Êîýôôèöèåíò    ñîõðàíåíèÿ    ýôôåêòèâíîñòè&:  effectiveness

îòíîøåíèå çíà÷åíèÿ ïîêàçàòåëÿ  ýôôåêòèâíîñòè  ïðèìåíåíèÿ  retention ratio

èçäåëèÿ    çà     îïðåäåëåííûé    ïåðèîä    ýêñïëóàòàöèè

ê íîìèíàëüíîìó çíà÷åíèþ ýòîãî  ïîêàçàòåëÿ,  âû÷èñëåííîìó

ïðè óñëîâèè, ÷òî îòêàçû èçäåëèÿ â òå÷åíèå ýòîãî  ïåðèîäà

íå ïðîèçîéäóò.

 

            Ïîíÿòèÿ, îòíîñÿùèåñÿ ê èñïûòàíèÿì

 

    175.

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐

    &Èñïûòàíèå&:  îïðåäåëåíèå   îäíîé   èëè  íåñêîëüêèõ  test           

│õàðàêòåðèñòèê ñîãëàñíî óñòàíîâëåííîé ïðîöåäóðå.                         

    [ÃÎÑÒ Ð ÈÑÎ 9000-2008, ñòàòüÿ 3.8.3]                                

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

    176.   &Îïðåäåëèòåëüíîå    èñïûòàíèå&:    èñïûòàíèå,  determination

ïðåäíàçíà÷åííîå      äëÿ      óñòàíîâëåíèÿ      çíà÷åíèÿ  test

õàðàêòåðèñòèêè.

    177.     &Êîíòðîëüíîå     èñïûòàíèå&:     èñïûòàíèå,  compliance test

ïðåäíàçíà÷åííîå äëÿ ïðîâåðêè ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè

çàäàííûì òðåáîâàíèÿì.

    178. &Ïðèåìî÷íîå  èñïûòàíèå&: èñïûòàíèå,  ïðîâîäèìîå  acceptance test

äëÿ  ïîäòâåðæäåíèÿ  òîãî,  ÷òî   èçäåëèå   óäîâëåòâîðÿåò

óñòàíîâëåííûì òðåáîâàíèÿì.

    179. &Êâàëèôèêàöèîííîå èñïûòàíèå&: èñïûòàíèå  íîâîãî  qualification

èëè èçìåíåííîãî èçäåëèÿ ñ  öåëüþ  ïðîâåðêè  ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ  test

óñòàíîâëåííûì òðåáîâàíèÿì.

    180.    &Ëàáîðàòîðíîå     èñïûòàíèå&:     èñïûòàíèå,  laboratory test

ïðîâîäèìîå â ïðåäïèñàííûõ è (èëè) ðåãóëèðóåìûõ óñëîâèÿõ,

êîòîðûå     ìîãóò    ñîâïàäàòü    èëè    íå    ñîâïàäàòü

ñ ýêñïëóàòàöèîííûìè óñëîâèÿìè.

    181.   &Ýêñïëóàòàöèîííîå   èñïûòàíèå&:    èñïûòàíèå,  field test

ïðîâîäèìîå ïðè ïîëüçîâàòåëüñêèõ óñëîâèÿõ ýêñïëóàòàöèè.

    182.   &Èñïûòàíèå   íà    óñòàëîñòíóþ    ïðî÷íîñòü&:  endurance test

èñïûòàíèå,   ïðîâîäèìîå  ñ  öåëüþ  èññëåäîâàíèÿ  âëèÿíèÿ

íà èçäåëèå ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè è öèêëè÷íîñòè  îïðåäåëåííûõ

íàãðóçîê.

    183. &Ôîðñèðîâàííîå èñïûòàíèå&: èñïûòàíèå, â êîòîðîì  accelerated test

ïðèìåíÿåìûå  óðîâíè  íàãðóçîê  âûáèðàþò   ïðåâîñõîäÿùèìè

ýêñïëóàòàöèîííûå  óðîâíè  íàãðóçîê  ñ  öåëüþ  ñîêðàùåíèÿ

âðåìåíè,  íåîáõîäèìîãî  äëÿ  íàáëþäåíèÿ  çà   ïîâåäåíèåì

èçäåëèÿ.

    184. &Èñïûòàíèå ñòóïåí÷àòûì íàãðóæåíèåì&: èñïûòàíèå,  step stress test

â êîòîðîì ïðèêëàäûâàåìûå  óðîâíè  íàãðóçîê  ïðîãðåññèâíî

óâåëè÷èâàþò â îïðåäåëåííûå ìîìåíòû âðåìåíè äî äîñòèæåíèÿ

óñòàíîâëåííîãî óðîâíÿ èëè äî íàñòóïëåíèÿ îòêàçà.

    185. &Îòáðàêîâî÷íîå èñïûòàíèå&: èñïûòàíèå èëè  ñåðèÿ  screening test

èñïûòàíèé,  ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûå  äëÿ  îáíàðóæåíèÿ  äåôåêòíûõ

èçäåëèé èëè èçäåëèé, ó êîòîðûõ ñëåäóåò îæèäàòü ïîÿâëåíèå

ðàííèõ îòêàçîâ.

    186.   &Èñïûòàòåëüíûé   öèêë&:    ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü  test cycle

îïðåäåëåííûõ  ýêñïëóàòàöèîííûõ  äåéñòâèé,   òåõíè÷åñêîãî

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ è óñëîâèé  îêðóæàþùåé  ñðåäû,  ïåðèîäè÷åñêè

ïîâòîðÿþùèõñÿ âî âðåìÿ èñïûòàíèé.

    187.  &Èñïûòàíèå   íà   äîëãîâå÷íîñòü&:   èñïûòàíèå,  durability test,

ïðîâîäèìîå ñ öåëüþ îöåíêè èëè ïðîâåðêè äîëãîâå÷íîñòè.     life test

    188.  &Êîíòðîëèðóåìîñòü&:      ñòåïåíü       ãëóáèíû  testability

â ñîîòâåòñòâèè  ñ  óðîâíÿìè  ðàçóêðóïíåíèÿ,  äî  êîòîðîé

ìîæåò áûòü ïðîâåðåíî èçäåëèå.

    189.   &Ïëàí   èñïûòàíèé&:    ñîâîêóïíîñòü    ïðàâèë  test plan

ïðîäîëæåíèÿ  èëè  çàâåðøåíèÿ  èñïûòàíèé   â  çàâèñèìîñòè

îò   ñóììàðíîé   íàðàáîòêè    èñïûòóåìûõ   èçäåëèé   èëè

îò  ñóììàðíîãî  ÷èñëà  íàáëþäåíèé   è   ÷èñëà   îòêàçîâ,

ïðîèçîøåäøèõ ê äàííîìó ìîìåíòó âðåìåíè èñïûòàíèé.

 

           Ïîíÿòèÿ, îòíîñÿùèåñÿ ê ðàçðàáîòêå

 

    190.   &Íîðìèðîâàíèå    íàäåæíîñòè&:    óñòàíîâëåíèå  dependability

êîëè÷åñòâåííûõ è êà÷åñòâåííûõ òðåáîâàíèé ê íàäåæíîñòè.    specification

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Íîðìèðîâàíèå íàäåæíîñòè âêëþ÷àåò â  ñåáÿ

âûáîð íîìåíêëàòóðû ïîêàçàòåëåé  íàäåæíîñòè,  îáîñíîâàíèå

÷èñëåííûõ çíà÷åíèé ïîêàçàòåëåé íàäåæíîñòè èçäåëèÿ è  åãî

ñîñòàâíûõ   ÷àñòåé,  ôîðìóëèðîâàíèå   êðèòåðèåâ  îòêàçîâ

è ïðåäåëüíûõ ñîñòîÿíèé,  çàäàíèå  òðåáîâàíèé  ê  ìåòîäàì

êîíòðîëÿ íàäåæíîñòè, âûðàáîòêó  êà÷åñòâåííûõ  òðåáîâàíèé

ê  êîíñòðóêöèè   èçäåëèÿ,   òåõíè÷åñêîìó   îáñëóæèâàíèþ,

äåéñòâèÿì   ïåðñîíàëà,   íàïðàâëåííûõ   íà   îáåñïå÷åíèå

íàäåæíîñòè.

 

    191.    &Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå    òðåáîâàíèé&:    ïðîöåäóðà,  allocation

ïðèìåíÿåìàÿ   â   ïðîöåññå    ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ    èçäåëèÿ,

ïîñðåäñòâîì  êîòîðîé  òðåáîâàíèÿ  ê  íàäåæíîñòè  èçäåëèÿ

ðàñïðåäåëÿþò íà  åãî  ñîñòàâíûå  ÷àñòè  ïî  îïðåäåëåííûì

ïðàâèëàì.

    192.  &Ðåçåðâèðîâàíèå&:  íàëè÷èå  â  èçäåëèè  áîëüøå  redundancy

îäíîãî ñðåäñòâà, íåîáõîäèìîãî äëÿ  âûïîëíåíèÿ  òðåáóåìîé

ôóíêöèè.

    193. &Íàãðóæåííîå  ðåçåðâèðîâàíèå&:  ðåçåðâèðîâàíèå,  active redundancy

ïðè êîòîðîì âñå ñðåäñòâà, ñïîñîáíûå âûïîëíÿòü  òðåáóåìóþ

ôóíêöèþ, ðàáîòàþò îäíîâðåìåííî.

    194. &Ðåçåðâèðîâàíèå  çàìåùåíèåì&:   ðåçåðâèðîâàíèå,  standby

ïðè êîòîðîì ÷àñòü ñðåäñòâ, ñïîñîáíûõ âûïîëíÿòü òðåáóåìóþ  redundancy

ôóíêöèþ, ïðåäíàçíà÷åíà äëÿ  ðàáîòû,  à  îñòàëüíàÿ  ÷àñòü

ñðåäñòâ íå ðàáîòàåò äî ìîìåíòà  ïîÿâëåíèÿ  íåîáõîäèìîñòè

â íåé.

    195. &Ðåçåðâèðîâàíèå   m  èç   n&:   ðåçåðâèðîâàíèå,  m out of n

ïðè êîòîðîì m èçäåëèé èç îáùåãî èõ êîëè÷åñòâà  n  äîëæíû  redundancy

ôóíêöèîíèðîâàòü äëÿ âûïîëíåíèÿ òðåáóåìîé ôóíêöèè.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.  Èñïîëüçóåìûå  ëàòèíñêèå   áóêâû   ìîãóò

ìåíÿòüñÿ â ðàçëè÷íûõ êîíòåêñòàõ, íàïðèìåð, k èç n.

 

    196.  &Ñìåøàííîå  ðåçåðâèðîâàíèå&:   ðåçåðâèðîâàíèå,  diverse

îáåñïå÷èâàþùåå âûïîëíåíèå òðåáóåìîé ôóíêöèè  íåñêîëüêèìè  redundancy

ðàçëè÷íûìè ñðåäñòâàìè è (èëè) ñïîñîáàìè.

    197. &Çàïàñ  ïî  íàãðóçêàì&:   ïðèìåíåíèå  ýëåìåíòîâ  derating

ïðè çíà÷åíèÿõ íàãðóçîê íèæå íîìèíàëüíûõ çíà÷åíèé â öåëÿõ

ïîâûøåíèÿ áåçîòêàçíîñòè.

    198.   &Îòêàçîáåçîïàñíîñòü&:    ñâîéñòâà    èçäåëèÿ,  fail safe

îðèåíòèðîâàííûå  íà  ñîõðàíåíèå  áåçîïàñíîñòè  â  ñëó÷àå

îòêàçà.

    199.  &Óñòîé÷èâîñòü  ê  íåèñïðàâíîñòè&:  ñïîñîáíîñòü  fault tolerance

èçäåëèÿ  ïðîäîëæàòü  ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèå  ïðè  îïðåäåëåííûõ

âèäàõ íåèñïðàâíîñòè.

    200.     &Ñàìîïðîâåðêà&:     îáíàðóæåíèå      îøèáîê  self-checking

íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ïðè âûïîëíåíèè òðåáóåìîé ôóíêöèè.

    201.   &Ñàìîòåñòèðîâàíèå&:    îöåíêà    ñîáñòâåííîãî  self-testing

ñîñòîÿíèÿ  íåïîñðåäñòâåííî  ïðè   âûïîëíåíèè   òðåáóåìîé

ôóíêöèè.

 

             Ïîíÿòèÿ, îòíîñÿùèåñÿ ê àíàëèçó

 

    202.  &Ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèå&:   âû÷èñëèòåëüíûé   ïðîöåññ,  prediction

íàïðàâëåííûé  íà  ïðåäñêàçàíèå  çíà÷åíèé  êîëè÷åñòâåííûõ

õàðàêòåðèñòèê.

    203. &Ìîäåëü áåçîòêàçíîñòè&: ìàòåìàòè÷åñêàÿ  ìîäåëü,  reliability

èñïîëüçóåìàÿ äëÿ ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèÿ èëè îöåíêè  ïîêàçàòåëåé  model

áåçîòêàçíîñòè.

    204.   &Àíàëèç   âèäîâ   è   ïîñëåäñòâèé   îòêàçîâ&:  failure modes

êà÷åñòâåííûé ìåòîä àíàëèçà, îñíîâàííûé  íà  èññëåäîâàíèè  and effects

âîçìîæíûõ  âèäîâ  îòêàçîâ  è  íåèñïðàâíîñòåé   ñîñòàâíûõ  analysis; FMEA

÷àñòåé è èõ âëèÿíèÿ íà èçäåëèå.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Âûðàæåíèå "àíàëèç  âèäîâ  è  ïîñëåäñòâèé

íåèñïðàâíîñòåé" òàêæå ìîæåò  èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ  â  ïîäîáíîì

ñìûñëå.

 

    205.  &Àíàëèç  âèäîâ,  ïîñëåäñòâèé   è   êðèòè÷íîñòè  failure modes,

îòêàçîâ&: êîëè÷åñòâåííûé èëè êà÷åñòâåííûé ìåòîä àíàëèçà,  effects and

îñíîâàííûé íà àíàëèçå âèäîâ è ïîñëåäñòâèé îòêàçîâ âìåñòå  criticality

ñ ðàññìîòðåíèåì âåðîÿòíîñòè âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ âèäîâ  îòêàçîâ  analysis; FMECA

è ñåðüåçíîñòè ïîñëåäñòâèé.

    Ïðèìå÷àíèå.  Âûðàæåíèå  "àíàëèç  âèäîâ,  ïîñëåäñòâèé

è êðèòè÷íîñòè íåèñïðàâíîñòåé" òàêæå ìîæåò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ

â ïîäîáíîì ñìûñëå.

 

    206.   &Àíàëèç   äåðåâà   íåèñïðàâíîñòåé&:   àíàëèç,  fault tree

îñíîâàííûé   íà   ëîãè÷åñêîé    äèàãðàììå,    îòðàæàþùåé  analysis; FTA

íåèñïðàâíîñòè ñîñòàâíûõ ÷àñòåé, âíåøíèõ ñîáûòèé  èëè  èõ

êîìáèíàöèé, ïðèâîäÿùèõ  ê  îïðåäåëåííîìó  íåæåëàòåëüíîìó

ñîáûòèþ.

    207. &Àíàëèç äåðåâà ñîáûòèé&: èíäóêòèâíàÿ  ïðîöåäóðà  event tree

ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ  âîçìîæíûõ  ðåçóëüòàòîâ,   êîòîðûå   ìîãóò  analysis; ETA

ïîñëåäîâàòü îò äàííîãî èíèöèèðóþùåãî ñîáûòèÿ  è  ñîñòàâà

ïðåäóñìàòðèâàåìûõ êîíòðìåð.

    208.   &Áëîê-ñõåìà    áåçîòêàçíîñòè&:    ãðàôè÷åñêîå  reliability

ïðåäñòàâëåíèå  èçäåëèÿ   â  âèäå  áëîêîâ,  ïîêàçûâàþùåå,  block diagram

êàê  íåèñïðàâíîñòè  ñîñòàâíûõ  ÷àñòåé  è  èõ  êîìáèíàöèè

âëèÿþò íà ñîñòîÿíèå èçäåëèÿ.

    209. &Äåðåâî íåèñïðàâíîñòåé&: ëîãè÷åñêàÿ  äèàãðàììà,  fault tree

îòðàæàþùàÿ  íåèñïðàâíîñòè  ñîñòàâíûõ   ÷àñòåé,   âíåøíèõ

ñîáûòèé èëè èõ êîìáèíàöèé,  ïðèâîäÿùèõ  ê  îïðåäåëåííîìó

íåæåëàòåëüíîìó ñîáûòèþ.

    210.  &Äèàãðàììà  ñîñòîÿíèé-ïåðåõîäîâ&:   äèàãðàììà,  state-transition

ïîêàçûâàþùàÿ ñîâîêóïíîñòü  âîçìîæíûõ  ñîñòîÿíèé  èçäåëèÿ  diagram

è âîçìîæíûõ ïîøàãîâûõ ïåðåõîäîâ ìåæäó ñîñòîÿíèÿìè.

    211.     &Èäåíòèôèêàöèÿ     îïàñíîñòè&:      ïðîöåññ  hazard

ðàñïîçíàâàíèÿ îïàñíîñòåé,   êîòîðûå   ìîãóò   ïðîèçîéòè,  identification

îïðåäåëåíèå èõ ïðè÷èí è õàðàêòåðèñòèê.

    212.

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    &Àíàëèç   ðèñêà&:   ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêîå   èñïîëüçîâàíèå  risk analysis  

│èíôîðìàöèè äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ èñòî÷íèêîâ  è êîëè÷åñòâåííîé                 

│îöåíêè ðèñêà.                                                           

    Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ. 1.   Àíàëèç  ðèñêà   îáåñïå÷èâàåò  áàçó                 

│äëÿ  îöåíèâàíèÿ  ðèñêà, ìåðîïðèÿòèé  ïî  ñíèæåíèþ ðèñêà                 

│è ïðèíÿòèÿ ðèñêà.                                                       

    2. Èíôîðìàöèÿ ìîæåò  âêëþ÷àòü  â  ñåáÿ èñòîðè÷åñêèå                 

│äàííûå,     ðåçóëüòàòû      òåîðåòè÷åñêîãî     àíàëèçà,                  

│èíôîðìèðîâàííîå ìíåíèå è êàñàòüñÿ ïðè÷àñòíûõ ñòîðîí.                    

                                                                        

    [ÃÎÑÒ Ð 51897-2002, ñòàòüÿ 3.3.2]                                   

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Àëôàâèòíûé óêàçàòåëü òåðìèíîâ íà ðóññêîì ÿçûêå

 

&àíàëèç âèäîâ è ïîñëåäñòâèé îòêàçîâ&                                    204

&àíàëèç âèäîâ, ïîñëåäñòâèé è êðèòè÷íîñòè îòêàçîâ&                       205

&àíàëèç äåðåâà íåèñïðàâíîñòè&                                           206

&àíàëèç äåðåâà ñîáûòèé&                                                 207

&àíàëèç ðèñêà&                                                          212

&áåçîòêàçíîñòü&                                                          19

&áëîê-ñõåìà áåçîòêàçíîñòè&                                              208

&âåðèôèêàöèÿ&                                                            12

&âåðîÿòíîñòü áåçîòêàçíîé ðàáîòû&                                         89

&âåðîÿòíîñòü âûïîëíåíèÿ òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&                      136

&âîçìîæíîñòü&                                                            16

&âîññòàíîâëåíèå&                                                        131

&âðåìÿ ãîòîâíîñòè&                                                       34

&âðåìÿ äåæóðíîå&                                                         39

&âðåìÿ äî âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ&                                                83

&âðåìÿ äî âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ ãàììà-ïðîöåíòíîå&                              161

&âðåìÿ äî âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ ñðåäíåå&                                       156

&âðåìÿ ëîêàëèçàöèè íåèñïðàâíîñòè&                                       151

&âðåìÿ ìåæäó îòêàçàìè&                                                   81

&âðåìÿ íåîáíàðóæåííîé íåèñïðàâíîñòè&                                    144

&âðåìÿ íåòðåáóåìîå&                                                      32

&âðåìÿ îáíàðóæåíèÿ íåèñïðàâíîñòè&                                       150

&âðåìÿ ïðîâåðêè ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ&                                       149

&âðåìÿ ñâîáîäíîå&                                                        36

&âðåìÿ òðåáóåìîå&                                                        31

&âðåìÿ óñòðàíåíèÿ íåèñïðàâíîñòè&                                        147

&ãîòîâíîñòü&                                                             18

&ãðàôèê òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&                                      113

&äåãðàäàöèÿ&                                                             14

&äåðåâî íåèñïðàâíîñòåé&                                                 209

&äåôåêò&                                                                 11

&äèàãíîñòèðîâàíèå íåèñïðàâíîñòè&                                        128

&äèàãðàììà ñîñòîÿíèé-ïåðåõîäîâ&                                         210

&äîëãîâå÷íîñòü&                                                          21

&çàäàíèå òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&                                     122

&çàäåðæêà àäìèíèñòðàòèâíàÿ&                                             145

&çàäåðæêà àäìèíèñòðàòèâíàÿ ñðåäíÿÿ&                                     159

&çàäåðæêà ëîãèñòè÷åñêàÿ&                                                146

&çàäåðæêà ëîãèñòè÷åñêàÿ ñðåäíÿÿ&                                        160

&çàäåðæêà òåõíè÷åñêàÿ&                                                  148

&çàïàñ ïî íàãðóçêàì&                                                    197

&çíà÷åíèå îïåðàòèâíîé ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè êîððåêòèðóþùåãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî    155

îáñëóæèâàíèÿ ñðåäíåå&

&èäåíòèôèêàöèÿ îïàñíîñòè&                                               211

&èçäåëèå&                                                                 1

&èçäåëèå âîññòàíàâëèâàåìîå&                                               4

&èçäåëèå íåâîññòàíàâëèâàåìîå&                                             5

&èíòåíñèâíîñòü âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ&                                          153

&èíòåíñèâíîñòü îòêàçîâ ìãíîâåííàÿ&                                       90

&èíòåíñèâíîñòü îòêàçîâ ñðåäíÿÿ&                                          91

&èñïûòàíèå&                                                             175

&èñïûòàíèå êâàëèôèêàöèîííîå&                                            179

&èñïûòàíèå êîíòðîëüíîå&                                                 177

&èñïûòàíèå ëàáîðàòîðíîå&                                                180

&èñïûòàíèå íà äîëãîâå÷íîñòü&                                            187

&èñïûòàíèå íà óñòàëîñòíóþ ïðî÷íîñòü&                                    182

&èñïûòàíèå îïðåäåëèòåëüíîå&                                             176

&èñïûòàíèå îòáðàêîâî÷íîå&                                               185

&èñïûòàíèå ïðèåìî÷íîå&                                                  178

&èñïûòàíèå ñòóïåí÷àòûì íàãðóæåíèåì&                                     184

&èñïûòàíèå ôîðñèðîâàííîå&                                               183

&èñïûòàíèå ýêñïëóàòàöèîííîå&                                            181

&êîíòðîëèðóåìîñòü&                                                      188

&êîíòðîëü ñîñòîÿíèÿ&                                                    134

&êîíöåïöèÿ òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&                                   111

&êîýôôèöèåíò ãîòîâíîñòè&                                                162

&êîýôôèöèåíò ãîòîâíîñòè ìãíîâåííûé&                                     164

&êîýôôèöèåíò ãîòîâíîñòè ñðåäíèé&                                        166

&êîýôôèöèåíò ãîòîâíîñòè ñòàöèîíàðíûé&                                   168

&êîýôôèöèåíò ãîòîâíîñòè ýêñïëóàòàöèîííûé&                               163

&êîýôôèöèåíò íåãîòîâíîñòè ìãíîâåííûé&                                   165

&êîýôôèöèåíò íåãîòîâíîñòè ñðåäíèé&                                      167

&êîýôôèöèåíò íåãîòîâíîñòè ñòàöèîíàðíûé&                                 169

&êîýôôèöèåíò îïåðàòèâíîé ãîòîâíîñòè&                                    172

&êîýôôèöèåíò ñîõðàíåíèÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòè&                                  174

&êîýôôèöèåíò òåõíè÷åñêîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ&                                173

&êðèòåðèé îòêàçà&                                                        51

&êðèòåðèé ïðåäåëüíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ&                                         47

&êðèòè÷íîñòü îòêàçà&                                                     66

&ëîêàëèçàöèÿ íåèñïðàâíîñòè&                                             127

&ìåõàíèçì îòêàçà&                                                        59

&ìîäåëü áåçîòêàçíîñòè&                                                  203

&ìîäèôèêàöèÿ&                                                            13

&íàäåæíîñòü&                                                             17

&íàðàáîòêà&                                                              28

&íàðàáîòêà äî îòêàçà&                                                    79

&íàðàáîòêà äî îòêàçà ãàììà-ïðîöåíòíàÿ&                                   99

&íàðàáîòêà äî îòêàçà ñðåäíÿÿ&                                            96

&íàðàáîòêà äî ïåðâîãî îòêàçà&                                            80

&íàðàáîòêà äî ïåðâîãî îòêàçà ñðåäíÿÿ&                                    95

&íàðàáîòêà ìåæäó îòêàçàìè&                                               82

&íàðàáîòêà ìåæäó îòêàçàìè ñðåäíÿÿ&                                       97

&íåèñïðàâíîñòü&                                                          69

&íåèñïðàâíîñòü êîíñòðóêöèîííàÿ&                                          76

&íåèñïðàâíîñòü íåñòàáèëüíàÿ&                                             71

&íåèñïðàâíîñòü íåÿâíàÿ&                                                  73

&íåèñïðàâíîñòü ïåðåìåæàþùàÿñÿ&                                           72

&íåèñïðàâíîñòü ïðîèçâîäñòâåííàÿ&                                         77

&íåèñïðàâíîñòü ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêàÿ&                                          75

&íåèñïðàâíîñòü ñêðûòàÿ&                                                  74

&íåèñïðàâíîñòü ñòàáèëüíàÿ&                                               70

&íåèñïðàâíîñòü ÷àñòè÷íàÿ&                                                78

&íåñîîòâåòñòâèå&                                                         10

&íîðìèðîâàíèå íàäåæíîñòè&                                               190

&îáåñïå÷åíèå ìàòåðèàëüíî-òåõíè÷åñêîå êîìïëåêñíîå&                        22

&îáíàðóæåíèå íåèñïðàâíîñòè&                                             126

&îáñëóæèâàíèå òåõíè÷åñêîå&                                              109

&îáñëóæèâàíèå òåõíè÷åñêîå àâòîìàòè÷åñêîå&                               120

&îáñëóæèâàíèå òåõíè÷åñêîå âíå ìåñòà ýêñïëóàòàöèè&                       133

&îáñëóæèâàíèå òåõíè÷åñêîå äèñòàíöèîííîå&                                135

&îáñëóæèâàíèå òåõíè÷åñêîå êîððåêòèðóþùåå&                               117

&îáñëóæèâàíèå òåõíè÷åñêîå íà ìåñòå ýêñïëóàòàöèè&                        132

&îáñëóæèâàíèå òåõíè÷åñêîå íåïëàíîâîå&                                   124

&îáñëóæèâàíèå òåõíè÷åñêîå, îðèåíòèðîâàííîå íà áåçîòêàçíîñòü&            119

&îáñëóæèâàíèå òåõíè÷åñêîå îòñðî÷åííîå&                                  121

&îáñëóæèâàíèå òåõíè÷åñêîå ïëàíîâîå&                                     123

&îáñëóæèâàíèå òåõíè÷åñêîå ïî ñîñòîÿíèþ&                                 118

&îáñëóæèâàíèå òåõíè÷åñêîå ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîå&                             116

&îòêàç&                                                                  49

&îòêàç âñëåäñòâèå èçíàøèâàíèÿ&                                           61

&îòêàç âñëåäñòâèå ñòàðåíèÿ&                                              62

&îòêàç çàâèñèìûé&                                                        55

&îòêàç êðèòè÷åñêèé&                                                      67

&îòêàç íåçàâèñèìûé&                                                      54

&îòêàçîáåçîïàñíîñòü&                                                    198

&îòêàç ïîëíûé&                                                           52

&îòêàç ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêèé&                                                  57

&îòêàç ÷àñòè÷íûé&                                                        53

&îòêàçû îáùåãî âèäà&                                                     64

&îòêàçû ïî îáùåé ïðè÷èíå&                                                63

&îøèáêà&                                                                 50

&îøèáêà ÷åëîâåêà&                                                        60

&ïàðàìåòð ïîòîêà îòêàçîâ àñèìïòîòè÷åñêèé&                                94

&ïàðàìåòð ïîòîêà îòêàçîâ ìãíîâåííûé&                                     92

&ïàðàìåòð ïîòîêà îòêàçîâ ñðåäíèé&                                        93

&ïåðèîä èçíîñîâûõ îòêàçîâ&                                               88

&ïåðèîä ïîñòîÿííîãî ïàðàìåòðà ïîòîêà îòêàçîâ&                            86

&ïåðèîä ïîñòîÿííîé èíòåíñèâíîñòè îòêàçîâ&                                87

&ïåðèîä ïðèðàáîòêè&                                                      85

&ïëàí èñïûòàíèé&                                                        189

&ïëàí òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&                                        112

&ïîâðåæäåíèå&                                                            68

&ïîëíîòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ íåèñïðàâíîñòåé&                                    157

&ïîëíîòà ðåìîíòà&                                                       158

&ïîñëåäñòâèÿ îòêàçà&                                                     56

&ïðè÷èíà îòêàçà&                                                         58

&ïðîâåðêà ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ&                                             130

&ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèå&                                                       202

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü êîððåêòèðóþùåãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&           141

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü êîððåêòèðóþùåãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ            143

îïåðàòèâíàÿ&

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ&                         41

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ ïî âíåøíåé ïðè÷èíå&      45

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ ïî âíóòðåííåé            43

ïðè÷èíå íàêîïëåííàÿ&

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ ñðåäíÿÿ&                171

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü íåôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ&                                   30

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&         140

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ          142

îïåðàòèâíàÿ&

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ&                           25

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ íàêîïëåííàÿ&               26

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ ñðåäíÿÿ&                  170

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü ðåìîíòà&                                             152

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü ðåìîíòà ñðåäíÿÿ&                                     154

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&                           137

&ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ îïåðàòèâíàÿ&               139

&ïðîÿâëåíèå ñêðûòîé íåèñïðàâíîñòè&                                       65

&ðàñïðåäåëåíèå òðåáîâàíèé&                                              191

&ðåçåðâèðîâàíèå&                                                        192

&ðåçåðâèðîâàíèå çàìåùåíèåì&                                             194

&ðåçåðâèðîâàíèå íàãðóæåííîå&                                            193

&ðåçåðâèðîâàíèå ñìåøàííîå&                                              196

&ðåçåðâèðîâàíèå m èç n&                                                 195

&ðåìîíò&                                                                125

&ðåìîíòîïðèãîäíîñòü&                                                     20

&ðåñóðñ&                                                                 98

&ðåñóðñ ãàììà-ïðîöåíòíûé&                                               103

&ðåñóðñ îñòàòî÷íûé&                                                     105

&ðåñóðñ ñðåäíèé&                                                        102

&ñàìîïðîâåðêà&                                                          200

&ñàìîòåñòèðîâàíèå&                                                      201

&ñîîòâåòñòâèå&                                                            9

&ñîñòàâíàÿ ÷àñòü&                                                         2

&ñîñòîÿíèå ãîòîâíîñòè&                                                   33

&ñîñòîÿíèå äåæóðíîå&                                                     38

&ñîñòîÿíèå çàíÿòîå&                                                      37

&ñîñòîÿíèå êðèòè÷åñêîå&                                                  48

&ñîñòîÿíèå íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå&                                            40

&ñîñòîÿíèå íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå ïî âíåøíåé ïðè÷èíå&                         44

&ñîñòîÿíèå íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå ïî âíóòðåííåé ïðè÷èíå&                      42

&ñîñòîÿíèå íåôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ&                                           29

&ñîñòîÿíèå ïðåäåëüíîå&                                                   46

&ñîñòîÿíèå ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîå&                                              24

&ñîñòîÿíèå ñâîáîäíîå&                                                    35

&ñîñòîÿíèå ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ&                                             27

&ñîõðàíÿåìîñòü&                                                          23

&ñðîê ñëóæáû&                                                            84

&ñðîê ñëóæáû ãàììà-ïðîöåíòíûé&                                          101

&ñðîê ñëóæáû îñòàòî÷íûé&                                                104

&ñðîê ñëóæáû ñðåäíèé&                                                   100

&ñðîê ñîõðàíÿåìîñòè&                                                    106

&ñðîê ñîõðàíÿåìîñòè ãàììà-ïðîöåíòíûé&                                   107

&ñðîê ñîõðàíÿåìîñòè ñðåäíèé&                                            108

&ñòðàòåãèÿ òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&                                   110

&òðåáîâàíèå&                                                              7

&òðóäîåìêîñòü òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&                                138

&óðîâåíü ðàçóêðóïíåíèÿ&                                                   3

&óðîâåíü òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&                                     115

&óñëóãà&                                                                  6

&óñòîé÷èâîñòü ê íåèñïðàâíîñòè&                                          199

&óñòðàíåíèå íåèñïðàâíîñòè&                                              129

&ôóíêöèÿ òðåáóåìàÿ&                                                       8

&öèêë èñïûòàòåëüíûé&                                                    186

&ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ïðèìåíåíèÿ&                                               15

&ýøåëîí òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ&                                      114

 

Àëôàâèòíûé óêàçàòåëü òåðìèíîâ íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå

 

accelerated test                                                        183

acceptance test                                                         178

accumulated down time                                                    43

accumulated up time                                                      26

active corrective maintenance time                                      143

active maintenance time                                                 139

active preventive maintenance time                                      142

active redundancy                                                       193

administrative delay                                                    145

ageing failure                                                           62

allocation                                                              191

asymptotic availability                                                 168

asymptotic failure intensity                                             94

automatic maintenance                                                   120

availability                                                             18

availability (measure)                                                  162

busy state                                                               37

capability                                                               16

common cause failures                                                    63

common mode failures                                                     64

complete failure                                                         52

compliance test                                                         177

condition based maintenance                                             118

condition monitoring                                                    134

conformity                                                                9

constant failure intensity period                                        86

constant failure rate period                                             87

corrective maintenance                                                  117

corrective maintenance time                                             141

critical failure                                                         67

critical state                                                           48

damage                                                                   68

defect                                                                   11

deferred maintenance                                                    121

degradation                                                              14

dependability                                                            17

dependability specification                                             190

derating                                                                197

design fault                                                             76

determination test                                                      176

disabled state                                                           40

disabled time                                                            41

diverse redundancy                                                      196

dormant fault                                                            73

down state                                                               42

durability                                                               21

durability test                                                         187

early failure period                                                     85

effectiveness                                                            15

effectiveness retention ratio                                           174

enabled state                                                            38

entity                                                                    1

enabled time                                                             39

endurance test                                                          182

error                                                                    50

ETA                                                                     207

event tree analysis                                                     207

external disabled state                                                  44

external disabled time                                                   45

fail safe                                                               198

failure                                                                  49

failure cause                                                            58

failure criterion                                                        51

failure criticality                                                      66

failure effect                                                           56

failure mechanism                                                        59

failure modes and effects analysis                                      204

failure modes, effects and criticality analysis                         205

fault                                                                    69

fault correction                                                        129

fault correction time                                                   147

fault coverage                                                          157

fault detection                                                         126

fault diagnosis                                                         128

fault diagnosis time                                                    150

fault localization                                                      127

fault localization time                                                 151

fault tolerance                                                         199

fault tree                                                              209

fault tree analysis                                                     206

field maintenance                                                       132

field test                                                              181

FMEA                                                                    204

FMECA                                                                   205

FTA                                                                     206

function checkout                                                       130

function checkout time                                                  149

gamma-percentile operating life                                         103

gamma-percentile operating time to failure                               99

gamma-percentile operating time to recovery                             161

gamma-percentile storability time                                       107

gamma-percentile useful life                                            101

hazard identification                                                   211

human error                                                              60

idle state                                                               35

idle time                                                                36

ILS                                                                      22

indenture level (for maintenance)                                         3

inherent availability                                                   162

instantaneous availability                                              164

instantaneous failure intensity                                          92

instantaneous failure rate                                               90

instantaneous repair rate                                               153

instantaneous unavailability                                            165

integrated logistic support                                              22

intermittent fault                                                       72

item                                                                      1

laboratory test                                                         180

latent fault                                                             74

limiting state                                                           46

limiting state criterion                                                 47

logistic delay                                                          146

m out of n redundancy                                                   195

maintainability                                                          20

maintainability (measure)                                               136

maintenance                                                             109

maintenance concept                                                     111

maintenance echelon                                                     114

maintenance level                                                       115

maintenance man-hours                                                   138

maintenance plan                                                        112

maintenance policy                                                      110

maintenance schedule                                                    113

maintenance task                                                        122

maintenance time                                                        137

manifestation of a latent fault                                          65

manufacturing fault                                                      77

mean active corrective maintenance time                                 155

mean administrative delay                                               159

mean availability                                                       166

mean down time                                                          171

mean failure intensity                                                   93

mean failure rate                                                        91

mean logistic delay                                                     160

mean operating life                                                     102

mean operating time between failures                                     97

mean operating time to failure                                           96

mean operating time to first failure                                     95

mean repair time                                                        154

mean storability time                                                   108

mean time to recovery                                                   156

mean unavailability                                                     167

mean up time                                                            170

mean useful life                                                        100

MMH                                                                     138

modification                                                             13

MRT                                                                     154

MTBF                                                                     97

MTTF                                                                     96

MTTFF                                                                    95

MTTR                                                                    156

nonconformity                                                            10

non-operating state                                                      29

non-operating time                                                       30

non-repairable item                                                       5

non-required time                                                        32

off-site maintenance                                                    133

on-site maintenance                                                     132

operating instantaneous availability                                    172

operating life                                                           98

operating state                                                          27

operating time                                                           28

operating time between failures                                          82

operating time to failure                                                79

operating time to first failure                                          80

operational availability                                                163

partial failure                                                          53

partial fault                                                            78

permanent fault                                                          70

prediction                                                              202

preventive maintenance                                                  116

preventive maintenance time                                             140

primary failure                                                          54

qualification test                                                      179

recovery                                                                131

redundancy                                                              192

reliability                                                              19

reliability block diagram                                               208

reliability centred maintenance                                         119

reliability (measure)                                                    89

reliability model                                                       203

remote maintenance                                                      135

repair                                                                  125

repair coverage                                                         158

repair rate                                                             153

repair time                                                             152

repairable item                                                           4

required function                                                         8

required time                                                            31

requirement                                                               7

residual operating life                                                 105

residual useful life                                                    104

restoration                                                             131

RCM                                                                     119

risk analysis                                                           212

scheduled maintenance                                                   123

screening test                                                          185

secondary failure                                                        55

self-checking                                                           200

self-testing                                                            201

service                                                                   6

standby redundancy                                                      194

standby state                                                            33

standby time                                                             34

state-transition diagram                                                210

steady state availability                                               168

steady-state availability ratio                                         173

steady state unavailability                                             169

step stress test                                                        184

storability                                                              23

storability time                                                        106

sub-item                                                                  2

systematic failure                                                       57

systematic fault                                                         75

technical delay                                                         148

test                                                                    175

test cycle                                                              186

test plan                                                               189

testability                                                             188

time between failures                                                    81

time to recovery                                                         83

time to restoration                                                      83

transient fault                                                          71

undetected fault time                                                   144

unscheduled maintenance                                                 124

up state                                                                 24

up time                                                                  25

useful life                                                              84

verification                                                             12

wearout failure                                                          61

wearout failure period                                                   88

 

 

 

 

 

Ïðèëîæåíèå À

(ñïðàâî÷íîå)

 

ÂÇÀÈÌÎÑÂßÇÜ ÌÅÆÄÓ ÏÐÎÄÎËÆÈÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒßÌÈ È ÂÐÅÌÅÍÀÌÈ

ÍÅÐÀÁÎÒÎÑÏÎÑÎÁÍÛÕ ÑÎÑÒÎßÍÈÉ

 

À.1. Âçàèìîñâÿçü ìåæäó ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòÿìè è âðåìåíàìè íåðàáîòîñïîñîáíûõ ñîñòîÿíèé, òåõíè÷åñêîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ è ðåìîíòà ïðèâåäåíà íà ðèñóíêå À.1.

 

 

Ðèñóíîê À.1

 

 

 


 
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