Ââåäåí â äåéñòâèå

Ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì Ãîññòàíäàðòà ÐÔ

îò 2 ìàðòà 2001 ã. N 115-ñò

 

ÌÅÆÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒ

 

ÄÅÔÅÊÒÛ ÑÎÅÄÈÍÅÍÈÉ ÏÐÈ ÑÂÀÐÊÅ ÌÅÒÀËËÎÂ ÏËÀÂËÅÍÈÅÌ

 

ÊËÀÑÑÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß, ÎÁÎÇÍÀ×ÅÍÈÅ È ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß

 

Imperfections in metallic fusion welds.

Classification, designation and definitions

 

ÃÎÑÒ 30242-97

 

Ãðóïïà Â05

 

ÎÊÑÒÓ 0072

 

ÏÐÅÄÈÑËÎÂÈÅ

 

1. Ðàçðàáîòàí Èíñòèòóòîì ýëåêòðîñâàðêè èì. Å.Î. Ïàòîíà Íàöèîíàëüíîé Àêàäåìèè íàóê Óêðàèíû, Ìåæãîñóäàðñòâåííûì òåõíè÷åñêèì êîìèòåòîì ïî ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè ÌÒÊ 72 "Ñâàðêà è ðîäñòâåííûå ïðîöåññû".

Âíåñåí Ãîñóäàðñòâåííûì êîìèòåòîì Óêðàèíû ïî ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè, ìåòðîëîãèè è ñåðòèôèêàöèè.

2. Ïðèíÿò Ìåæãîñóäàðñòâåííûì ñîâåòîì ïî ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè, ìåòðîëîãèè è ñåðòèôèêàöèè (ïðîòîêîë N 11 îò 23 àïðåëÿ 1997 ã.).

Çà ïðèíÿòèå ïðîãîëîñîâàëè:

 

┌─────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────┐

│Íàèìåíîâàíèå ãîñóäàðñòâà │  Íàèìåíîâàíèå íàöèîíàëüíîãî îðãàíà  

                                   ïî ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè           

├─────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────┤

│Àçåðáàéäæàíñêàÿ          │Àçãîññòàíäàðò                        

│Ðåñïóáëèêà                                                    

│Ðåñïóáëèêà Àðìåíèÿ       │Àðìãîññòàíäàðò                        

│Ðåñïóáëèêà Áåëàðóñü      │Ãîññòàíäàðò Ðåñïóáëèêè Áåëàðóñü      

│Êûðãûçñêàÿ Ðåñïóáëèêà    │Êûðãûçñòàíäàðò                       

│Ðåñïóáëèêà Ìîëäîâà       │Ìîëäîâàñòàíäàðò                      

│Ðîññèéñêàÿ Ôåäåðàöèÿ     │Ãîññòàíäàðò Ðîññèè                   

│Ðåñïóáëèêà Òàäæèêèñòàí   │Òàäæèêãîññòàíäàðò                    

│Òóðêìåíèñòàí             │Ãëàâãîñèíñïåêöèÿ "Òóðêìåíñòàíäàðòëàðû"│

│Ðåñïóáëèêà Óçáåêèñòàí    │Óçãîññòàíäàðò                        

│Óêðàèíà                  │Ãîññòàíäàðò Óêðàèíû                  

└─────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────┘

 

3. Íàñòîÿùèé ñòàíäàðò ïîëíîñòüþ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ÈÑÎ 6520-82 "Êëàññèôèêàöèÿ äåôåêòîâ øâîâ ïðè ñâàðêå ìåòàëëîâ ïëàâëåíèåì (ñ ïîÿñíåíèÿìè)".

4. Ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî êîìèòåòà Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ïî ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè è ìåòðîëîãèè îò 2 ìàðòà 2001 ã. N 115-ñò ìåæãîñóäàðñòâåííûé ñòàíäàðò ÃÎÑÒ 30242-97 ââåäåí â äåéñòâèå íåïîñðåäñòâåííî â êà÷åñòâå ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ñòàíäàðòà Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ñ 1 ÿíâàðÿ 2003 ã.

5. Ââåäåí âïåðâûå.

 

1. ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ ÏÐÈÌÅÍÅÍÈß

 

Íàñòîÿùèé ñòàíäàðò óñòàíàâëèâàåò êëàññèôèêàöèþ, îïðåäåëåíèÿ è óñëîâíûå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ äåôåêòîâ øâîâ, çîí òåðìè÷åñêîãî âëèÿíèÿ è îñíîâíîãî ìåòàëëà ïðè ñâàðêå ìåòàëëîâ ïëàâëåíèåì.

 

2. ÊËÀÑÑÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒÎÂ

 

2.1. Äåôåêòû ïðè ñâàðêå ìåòàëëîâ ïëàâëåíèåì îáðàçóþòñÿ âñëåäñòâèå íàðóøåíèÿ òðåáîâàíèé íîðìàòèâíûõ äîêóìåíòîâ ê ñâàðî÷íûì ìàòåðèàëàì, ïîäãîòîâêå, ñáîðêå è ñâàðêå ñîåäèíÿåìûõ ýëåìåíòîâ, òåðìè÷åñêîé è ìåõàíè÷åñêîé îáðàáîòêå ñâàðíûõ ñîåäèíåíèé è êîíñòðóêöèè â öåëîì.

2.2. Â íàñòîÿùåì ñòàíäàðòå äåôåêòû êëàññèôèöèðîâàíû íà øåñòü ñëåäóþùèõ ãðóïï:

1 - òðåùèíû;

2 - ïîëîñòè, ïîðû;

3 - òâåðäûå âêëþ÷åíèÿ;

4 - íåñïëàâëåíèÿ è íåïðîâàðû;

5 - íàðóøåíèå ôîðìû øâà;

6 - ïðî÷èå äåôåêòû, íå âêëþ÷åííûå â âûøåïåðå÷èñëåííûå ãðóïïû.

 

3. ÍÀÈÌÅÍÎÂÀÍÈÅ, ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ È ÎÁÎÇÍÀ×ÅÍÈÅ ÄÅÔÅÊÒÎÂ

 

Íàèìåíîâàíèå, îïðåäåëåíèå è îáîçíà÷åíèå äåôåêòîâ ïðèâåäåíû â òàáëèöå 1.

 òàáëèöå ïðèâåäåíû:

- â ãðàôå 1 - òðåõçíà÷íîå öèôðîâîå îáîçíà÷åíèå êàæäîãî äåôåêòà èëè ÷åòûðåõçíà÷íîå öèôðîâîå îáîçíà÷åíèå åãî ðàçíîâèäíîñòåé;

- â ãðàôå 2 - áóêâåííîå îáîçíà÷åíèå äåôåêòà, èñïîëüçóåìîå â ñáîðíèêàõ ñïðàâî÷íûõ ðàäèîãðàìì Ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî èíñòèòóòà ñâàðêè (ÌÈÑ);

- â ãðàôå 3 - íàèìåíîâàíèå äåôåêòà íà ðóññêîì, àíãëèéñêîì è ôðàíöóçñêîì ÿçûêàõ;

- â ãðàôå 4 - îïðåäåëåíèå è/èëè ïîÿñíÿþùèé òåêñò;

- â ãðàôå 5 - ðèñóíêè, äîïîëíÿþùèå îïðåäåëåíèå ïðè íåîáõîäèìîñòè.

 

Òàáëèöà 1

 

 

┌──────────┬────────────────────────┬──────────────────┬─────────┐

│Îáîçíà÷å-  Íàèìåíîâàíèå äåôåêòà  │Îïðåäåëåíèå è/èëè │Ðèñóíêè 

│íèå                               │ ïîÿñíåíèå äåôåêòà│ñâàðíûõ 

│äåôåêòà                                             │øâîâ è  

├────┬─────┤                                          │ñîåäèíå- │

│öèô-│èñ-                                            │íèé ñ   

│ðî- │ïîëü-│                                          │äåôåêòàìè│

âîå │çóå- │                                                  

    │ìîå                                                    

    │ÌÈÑ                                                    

├────┴─────┴────────────────────────┴──────────────────┴─────────┤

                       Ãðóïïà 1. Òðåùèíû                       

└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 100   Å    Òðåùèíû                   Íåñïëîøíîñòü,

            en cracks                âûçâàííàÿ ìåñòíûì

            fr fissures              ðàçðûâîì øâà,

                                     êîòîðûé ìîæåò

                                     âîçíèêíóòü â

                                     ðåçóëüòàòå îõëàæ-

                                     äåíèÿ èëè äåéñòâèÿ

                                     íàãðóçîê

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 1001       Ìèêðîòðåùèíà              Òðåùèíà, èìåþùàÿ

            en microfissure (micro-  ìèêðîñêîïè÷åñêèå

            crack)                   ðàçìåðû, êîòîðóþ

            fr microfissure          îáíàðóæèâàþò ôèçè-

                                     ÷åñêèìè ìåòîäàìè

                                     íå ìåíåå ÷åì ïðè

                                     ïÿòèäåñÿòèêðàòíîì

                                     óâåëè÷åíèè

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 101   Åà   Ïðîäîëüíàÿ òðåùèíà        Òðåùèíà, îðèåíòè-   Ðèñóíîê

            en longitudinal crack    ðîâàííàÿ ïàðàë-

            fr fissure longitudinale ëåëüíî îñè ñâàð-

                                     íîãî øâà.

                                      Îíà ìîæåò ðàñïî-

                                     ëàãàòüñÿ

 1011                                 â ìåòàëëå ñâàð-

                                     íîãî øâà,

 1012                                 íà ãðàíèöå ñïëàâ-

                                     ëåíèÿ,

 1013                                 â çîíå òåðìè÷åñ-

                                     êîãî âëèÿíèÿ,

 1014                                 â îñíîâíîì ìåòàë-

                                     ëå

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 102   Åb   Ïîïåðå÷íàÿ òðåùèíà        Òðåùèíà, îðèåíòè-   Ðèñóíîê

            en transverse crack      ðîâàííàÿ ïîïåðåê

            fr fissure transversale  îñè ñâàðíîãî øâà.

                                      Îíà ìîæåò ðàñïî-

                                     ëàãàòüñÿ

 1021                                 â ìåòàëëå ñâàð-

                                     íîãî øâà,

 1023                                 â çîíå òåðìè÷åñ-

                                     êîãî âëèÿíèÿ,

 1024                                 â îñíîâíîì ìåòàë-

                                     ëå

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 103    Å   Ðàäèàëüíûå òðåùèíû        Òðåùèíû, ðàäèàëü-   Ðèñóíîê

             en radiation cracks      íî ðàñõîäÿùèåñÿ èç

              fr fissures rayonnantes  îäíîé òî÷êè.

                                       Îíè ìîãóò áûòü

 1031                                 â ìåòàëëå ñâàð-

                                     íîãî øâà,

 1033                                 â çîíå òåðìè÷åñ-

                                     êîãî âëèÿíèÿ,

 1034                                 â îñíîâíîì ìåòàë-

                                     ëå

                                      Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Òðå-

                                     ùèíû ýòîãî òèïà,

                                     ðàñõîäÿùèåñÿ â

                                     ðàçíûå ñòîðîíû,

                                     èçâåñòíû êàê çâåç-

                                     äîïîäîáíûå òðåùèíû

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 104    Åñ  Òðåùèíà â êðàòåðå         Òðåùèíà â êðàòåðå   Ðèñóíîê

            en crater cracks         ñâàðíîãî øâà, êî-

            fr fissure de cratre    òîðàÿ ìîæåò áûòü

 1045                                 ïðîäîëüíîé,

 1046                                 ïîïåðå÷íîé,

 1047                                 çâåçäîîáðàçíîé

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 105    Å   Ðàçäåëüíûå òðåùèíû        Ãðóïïà òðåùèí,      Ðèñóíîê

            en group of disconnected êîòîðûå ìîãóò

            cracks                   ðàñïîëàãàòüñÿ

 1051       fr rseau de fissures    â ìåòàëëå ñâàð-

            marbrees                 íîãî øâà,

 1053                                 â çîíå òåðìè÷åñ-

                                     êîãî âëèÿíèÿ,

 1054                                 â îñíîâíîì ìåòàë-

                                     ëå

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 106    Å   Ðàçâåòâëåííûå òðåùèíû     Ãðóïïà òðåùèí,      Ðèñóíîê

            en branching cracks      âîçíèêøèõ èç îäíîé

            fr fissures ramifies   òðåùèíû.

                                      Îíè ìîãóò ðàñïî-

                                     ëàãàòüñÿ

 1061                                 â ìåòàëëå ñâàð-

                                     íîãî øâà,

 1063                                 â çîíå òåðìè÷åñ-

                                     êîãî âëèÿíèÿ,

 1064                                 â îñíîâíîì ìåòàë-

                                     ëå

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

                         Ãðóïïà 2. Ïîðû

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 200    À   Ãàçîâàÿ ïîëîñòü          Ïîëîñòü ïðîèç-

            en gas cavity            âîëüíîé ôîðìû,

            fr soufflure             îáðàçîâàííàÿ ãàçà-

                                     ìè, çàäåðæàííûìè â

                                     ðàñïëàâëåííîì

                                     ìåòàëëå, êîòîðàÿ

                                     íå èìååò óãëîâ

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 2011Àà     Ãàçîâàÿ ïîðà              Ãàçîâàÿ ïîëîñòü     Ðèñóíîê

            en gas pore              îáû÷íî ñôåðè÷åñêîé

            fr soufflure sphroidal ôîðìû

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 2012       Ðàâíîìåðíî ðàñïðåäå-      Ãðóïïà ãàçîâûõ      Ðèñóíîê

            ëåííàÿ ïîðèñòîñòü        ïîð, ðàñïðåäåëåí-

            en uniformly distributed íûõ ðàâíîìåðíî â

            porosity                 ìåòàëëå ñâàðíîãî

            fr soufflures            øâà. Ñëåäóåò îò-

            sphroidales unifor-    ëè÷àòü îò öåïî÷êè

            mement rparties        ïîð (2014)

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 2013       Ñêîïëåíèå ïîð             Ãðóïïà ãàçîâûõ      Ðèñóíîê

            en localized (clustered) ïîëîñòåé (òðè èëè

            fr nid de soufflures     áîëåå), ðàñïîëî-

                                     æåííûõ êó÷íî ñ

                                     ðàññòîÿíèåì ìåæäó

                                     íèìè ìåíåå òðåõ

                                     ìàêñèìàëüíûõ

                                     ðàçìåðîâ áîëüøåé

                                     èç ïîëîñòåé

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 2014       Öåïî÷êà ïîð               Ðÿä ãàçîâûõ ïîð,    Ðèñóíîê

            en linear porosity       ðàñïîëîæåííûõ â

            fr soufflures allignes ëèíèþ, îáû÷íî

            (ou en chapelet)         ïàðàëëåëüíî îñè

                                     ñâàðíîãî øâà, ñ

                                     ðàññòîÿíèåì ìåæäó

                                     íèìè ìåíåå òðåõ

                                     ìàêñèìàëüíûõ

                                     ðàçìåðîâ áîëüøåé

                                     èç ïîð

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 2015   Àb  Ïðîäîëãîâàòàÿ ïîëîñòü     Íåñïëîøíîñòü,       Ðèñóíîê

            en elongated cavity      âûòÿíóòàÿ âäîëü

            fr soufflure allongee    îñè ñâàðíîãî øâà.

                                     Äëèíà íåñïëîøíîñòè

                                     íå ìåíåå ÷åì â äâà

                                     ðàçà ïðåâûøàåò

                                     âûñîòó

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 2016   Àb  Ñâèù                      Òðóá÷àòàÿ ïîëîñòü   Ðèñóíîê

            en worm-hole             â ìåòàëëå ñâàðíîãî

            fr soufflure             øâà, âûçâàííàÿ

            vermiculaire             âûäåëåíèåì ãàçà.

                                     Ôîðìà è ïîëîæåíèå

                                     ñâèùà îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ

                                     ðåæèìîì çàòâåðäå-

                                     âàíèÿ è èñòî÷íèêîì

                                     ãàçà. Îáû÷íî ñâèùè

                                     ãðóïïèðóþòñÿ â

                                     ñêîïëåíèÿ è

                                     ðàñïðåäåëÿþòñÿ

                                     åëî÷êîé

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 2017       Ïîâåðõíîñòíàÿ ïîðà        Ãàçîâàÿ ïîðà,       Ðèñóíîê

            en surface ðîre          êîòîðàÿ íàðóøàåò

            fr piqure                ñïëîøíîñòü ïîâåðõ-

                                     íîñòè ñâàðíîãî øâà

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 202    R   Óñàäî÷íàÿ ðàêîâèíà        Ïîëîñòü, îáðàçó-

            en shrinkage cavity      þùàÿñÿ âñëåäñòâèå

            fr retassure             óñàäêè âî âðåìÿ

                                     çàòâåðäåâàíèÿ

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 2024   Ê   Êðàòåð                    Óñàäî÷íàÿ ðàêîâè-   Ðèñóíîê

            en crater pipe           íà â êîíöå âàëèêà

            fr retassure de cratere  ñâàðíîãî øâà, íå

                                     çàâàðåííàÿ äî èëè

                                     âî âðåìÿ âûïîë-

                                     íåíèÿ ïîñëåäóþùèõ

                                     ïðîõîäîâ

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

                  Ãðóïïà 3. Òâåðäûå êëþ÷åíèÿ

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 300        Òâåðäîå âêëþ÷åíèå         Òâåðäûå èíîðîäíûå   Ðèñóíîê

            en solid inclusion       âåùåñòâà ìåòàëëè-

            fr inclusion solide      ÷åñêîãî èëè

                                     íåìåòàëëè÷åñêîãî

                                     ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ â

                                     ìåòàëëå ñâàðíîãî

                                     øâà. Âêëþ÷åíèÿ,

                                     èìåþùèå õîòÿ áû

                                     îäèí îñòðûé óãîë,

                                     íàçûâàþòñÿ îñòðî-

                                     óãîëüíûìè âêëþ÷å-

                                     íèÿìè

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 301    Âà  Øëàêîâîå âêëþ÷åíèå        Øëàê, ïîïàâøèé â    Ðèñóíîê

            en slag inclusion        ìåòàëë ñâàðíîãî

            fr inclusion de laitier  øâà. Â çàâèñèìîñòè

                                     îò óñëîâèé îáðàçî-

                                     âàíèÿ òàêèå âêëþ-

                                     ÷åíèÿ ìîãóò áûòü

 3011                                 ëèíåéíûìè,

 3012                                 ðàçîáùåííûìè,

 3013                                 ïðî÷èìè

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 302    G   Ôëþñîâîå âêëþ÷åíèå        Ôëþñ, ïîïàâøèé â      Ñì.

            en flux inclusion        ìåòàëë ñâàðíîãî       3011 -

            fr inclusion de flux     øâà.                  3013

                                       Â çàâèñèìîñòè îò

                                      óñëîâèé îáðàçîâà-

                                      íèÿ òàêèå âêëþ÷å-

                                      íèÿ ìîãóò áûòü

  021                                 ëèíåéíûìè,

 3022                                 ðàçîáùåííûìè,

 3023                                 ïðî÷èìè

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 303    J   Îêñèäíîå âêëþ÷åíèå        Îêñèä ìåòàëëà,

            en oxide inclusion       ïîïàâøèé â ìåòàëë

            fr inclusion d'oxyde     ñâàðíîãî øâà âî

                                     âðåìÿ çàòâåðäåâà-

                                     íèÿ

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 304    Í   Ìåòàëëè÷åñêîå âêëþ÷åíèå   ×àñòèöà èíîðîäíî-

            en metallic inclusion    ãî ìåòàëëà, ïîïàâ-

            fr inclusion mtallique  øàÿ â ìåòàëë

                                     ñâàðíîãî øâà.

                                      Ðàçëè÷àþò ÷àñòèöû

                                      èç

 3041                                 âîëüôðàìà,

 3042                                 ìåäè,

 3043                                 äðóãîãî ìåòàëëà

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

              Ãðóïïà 4. Íåñïëàâëåíèå è íåïðîâàð

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 401        Íåñïëàâëåíèå             Îòñóòñòâèå ñîåäè-    Ðèñóíîê

             en lack of fusion        íåíèÿ ìåæäó ìåòàë-

            (incomplete fusion)       ëîì ñâàðíîãî øâà è

            fr manque de fusion       îñíîâíûì ìåòàëëîì

            (collage)                 èëè ìåæäó îòäåëü-

             Ïðèìå÷àíèå.  íåêîòîðûõ  íûìè âàëèêàìè

            ñòðàíàõ óïîòðåáëÿþò       ñâàðíîãî øâà.

            òåðìèíû "collage noir" è  Ðàçëè÷àþò

            "collage blanc" â         íåñïëàâëåíèÿ

 4011       çàâèñèìîñòè îò òîãî,      ïî áîêîâîé ñòî-

            èìåþòñÿ èëè îòñóòñòâóþò   ðîíå,

 4012       â ìåñòàõ íåñïëàâëåíèÿ     ìåæäó âàëèêàìè,

 4013       îêñèäíûå âêëþ÷åíèÿ        â êîðíå ñâàðíîãî

                                      øâà

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 402   D    Íåïðîâàð (íåïîëíûé        Íåñïëàâëåíèå        Ðèñóíîê

            ïðîâàð)                  îñíîâíîãî ìåòàëëà

            en lack of penetration   ïî âñåé äëèíå øâà

            (incomplete penetration) èëè íà ó÷àñòêå,

            fr manque de pntratio âîçíèêàþùåå âñëåä-

                                     ñòâèå íåñïîñîáíîñ-

                                     òè ðàñïëàâëåííîãî

                                     ìåòàëëà ïðîíèêíóòü

                                     â êîðåíü ñîåäèíå-

                                     íèÿ

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

                 Ãðóïïà 5. Íàðóøåíèå ôîðìû øâà

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 500        Íàðóøåíèå ôîðìû           Îòêëîíåíèå ôîðìû

            en imperfect shape       íàðóæíûõ ïîâåðõíî-

            fr forme dfectueuse    ñòåé ñâàðíîãî øâà

                                     èëè ãåîìåòðèè

                                     ñîåäèíåíèÿ îò

                                     óñòàíîâëåííîãî

                                     çíà÷åíèÿ

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 5011   F   Ïîäðåç íåïðåðûâíûé        Óãëóáëåíèå ïðî-     Ðèñóíîê

            en continuous undercut   äîëüíîå íà íàðóæ-

            fr  caniveau continu     íîé ïîâåðõíîñòè

                                     âàëèêà ñâàðíîãî

                                     øâà, îáðàçîâàâøå-

                                     åñÿ ïðè ñâàðêå

 

 5012   F   Ïîäðåç íåïðåðûâíûé                            Ðèñóíîê

             en intermittent undercut

            fr morsure caniveau

            discontinu

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 5013       Óñàäî÷íàÿ êàíàâêà         Ïîäðåç ñî ñòîðîíû   Ðèñóíîê

            en shrinkage groove      êîðíÿ îäíîñòîðîí-

            fr caniveau a la racine  íåãî ñâàðíîãî øâà,

                                     âûçâàííûé óñàäêîé

                                     ïî ãðàíèöå ñïëàâ-

                                     ëåíèÿ (ñì. òàêæå

                                     512)

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 502        Ïðåâûøåíèå âûïóêëîñòè     Èçáûòîê íàïëàâ-     Ðèñóíîê

            ñòûêîâîãî øâà            ëåííîãî ìåòàëëà íà

            en excess weld metal     ëèöåâîé ñòîðîíå

            fr surepaisseur          ñòûêîâîãî øâà

            excessive                ñâåðõ óñòàíîâëåí-

                                     íîãî çíà÷åíèÿ

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 503        Ïðåâûøåíèå âûïóêëîñòè     Èçáûòîê íàïëàâ-     Ðèñóíîê

            óãëîâîãî øâà             ëåííîãî ìåòàëëà íà

            en excessive convexity   ëèöåâîé ñòîðîíå

            fr convexite excessive   óãëîâîãî øâà (íà

                                     âñåé äëèíå èëè íà

                                     ó÷àñòêå) ñâåðõ

                                     óñòàíîâëåííîãî

                                     çíà÷åíèÿ

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 504        Ïðåâûøåíèå ïðîïëàâà        Èçáûòîê íàïëàâ-    Ðèñóíîê

            en excessive penetration  ëåííîãî ìåòàëëà íà

            fr excs de pntratio  îáðàòíîé ñòîðîíå

                                      ñòûêîâîãî øâà

                                      ñâåðõ óñòàíîâëåí-

                                      íîãî çíà÷åíèÿ

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 5041       Ìåñòíîå ïðåâûøåíèå        Ìåñòíûé èçáûòî÷-

            ïðîïëàâà                 íûé ïðîïëàâ ñâåðõ

            en local excess          óñòàíîâëåííîãî

            penetration              çíà÷åíèÿ

            fr excs local de

            pntration

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 505        Íåïðàâèëüíûé ïðîôèëü      Óãîë àëüôà ìåæäó    Ðèñóíîê

            ñâàðíîãî øâà             ïîâåðõíîñòüþ

            en incorrect weld        îñíîâíîãî ìåòàëëà

            profile                  è ïëîñêîñòüþ,

            fr dfaut de            êàñàòåëüíîé ê

            raccordement             ïîâåðõíîñòè

                                     ñâàðíîãî øâà,

                                     ìåíåå óñòàíîâëåí-

                                     íîãî çíà÷åíèÿ

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 506        Íàïëàâ                    Èçáûòîê íàïëàâ-     Ðèñóíîê

             en overlap               ëåííîãî ìåòàëëà

            fr debordement           ñâàðíîãî øâà, íà-

                                     òåêøèé íà ïîâåðõ-

                                     íîñòü îñíîâíîãî

                                     ìåòàëëà, íî íå

                                     ñïëàâëåííûé ñ íèì

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 507        Ëèíåéíîå ñìåùåíèå         Ñìåùåíèå ìåæäó      Ðèñóíîê

            en linear misalignment   äâóìÿ ñâàðèâàåìûìè

            fr dfaut d'alignement  ýëåìåíòàìè, ïðè

                                     êîòîðîì èõ ïîâåðõ-

                                     íîñòè ðàñïîëàãà-

                                     þòñÿ ïàðàëëåëüíî,

                                     íî íå íà òðåáóåìîì

                                     óðîâíå

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 508        Óãëîâîå ñìåùåíèå          Ñìåùåíèå ìåæäó      Ðèñóíîê

            en angular misalignment  äâóìÿ ñâàðèâàåìûìè

            fr deformation angulaire ýëåìåíòàìè, ïðè

                                     êîòîðîì èõ ïîâåðõ-

                                     íîñòè ðàñïîëàãà-

                                     þòñÿ ïîä óãëîì,

                                     îòëè÷àþùèìñÿ îò

                                     òðåáóåìîãî

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 509        Íàòåê                     Ìåòàëë ñâàðíîãî     Ðèñóíîê

            en sagging               øâà, îñåâøèé

            fr effondrement          âñëåäñòâèå äåéñò-

                                     âèÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè è

                                     íå èìåþùèé ñïëàâ-

                                     ëåíèÿ ñ ñîåäèíÿ-

                                     åìîé ïîâåðõíîñòüþ.

                                      Â çàâèñèìîñòè îò    Ðèñóíîê

                                     óñëîâèé ýòî ìîæåò

                                     áûòü

 5091                                 íàòåê ïðè ãîðè-

                                     çîíòàëüíîì ïîëî-

                                     æåíèè ñâàðêè,

 5092                                 íàòåê â íèæíåì

                                     èëè ïîòîëî÷íîì

                                     ïîëîæåíèè ñâàðêè,

 5093                                íàòåê â óãëîâîì

                                     ñâàðíîì øâå,

 5094                                íàòåêàíèå â øâå

                                     íàõëåñòî÷íîãî

                                     ñîåäèíåíèÿ

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 510        Ïðîæîã                    Âûòåêàíèå ìåòàëëà   Ðèñóíîê

            en burn through          ñâàðî÷íîé âàííû, â

            fr trou                  ð åçóëüòàòå êîòîðî-

                                     ãî îáðàçóåòñÿ

                                     ñêâîçíîå îòâåðñòèå

                                     â ñâàðíîì øâå

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 511        Íåïîëíîñòüþ çàïîëíåííàÿ   Ïðîäîëüíàÿ íåïðå-   Ðèñóíîê

            ðàçäåëêà êðîìîê          ðûâíàÿ èëè ïðåðû-

            en incompletely filled   âèñòàÿ êàíàâêà íà

            groove                   ïîâåðõíîñòè

            fr manque d'paisseur   ñâàðíîãî øâà èç-ç

                                     íåäîñòàòî÷íîñòè

                                     ïðèñàäî÷íîãî

                                     ìåòàëëà ïðè ñâàðêå

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 512        ×ðåçìåðíàÿ àñèììåòðèÿ     ×ðåçìåðíîå ïðåâû-   Ðèñóíîê

            óãëîâîãî øâà             øåíèå ðàçìåðîâ

            en excessive asymmetry   îäíîãî êàòåòà íàä

            of fillet weld           äðóãèì

            fr dfaut de symtrie d

            soudure d'angle

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 513        Íåðàâíîìåðíàÿ øèðèíà øâà  Îòêëîíåíèå øèðèíû

            en irregular width       îò óñòàíîâëåííîãî

           fr largeur irrgulire   çíà÷åíèÿ âäîëü

                                     ñâàðíîãî øâà

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 514        Íåðîâíàÿ ïîâåðõíîñòü      Ãðóáàÿ íåðàâíî-

             en irregular surface     ìåðíîñòü ôîðìû

            fr surface irrgulire  ïîâåðõíîñòè óñè-

                                     ëåíèÿ øâà ïî äëèíå

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 515        Âîãíóòîñòü êîðíÿ øâà      Íåãëóáîêàÿ êàíàâ-   Ðèñóíîê

            en root concavity         êà ñî ñòîðîíû êîð-

           fr retassure a la racne  íÿ îäíîñòîðîííåî

                                      ñâàðíîãî øâà,

                                     îáðàçîâàâøàÿñÿ

                                     âñëåäñòâèå óñàäêè

                                     (ñì. òàêæå 5013)

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 516        Ïîðèñòîñòü â êîðíå       Íàëè÷èå ïîð â

            ñâàðíîãî øâà             êîðíå ñâàðíîãî øâà

            en root porosity         âñëåäñòâèå

            fr rochage               âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ

                                     ïóçûðüêîâ âî âðåìÿ

                                     çàòâåðäåâàíèÿ

                                     ìåòàëëà

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 517        Âîçîáíîâëåíèå             Ìåñòíàÿ íåðîâ-      Ðèñóíîê

            en poor restart          íîñòü ïîâåðõíîñòè

            fr mauvaise reprise      â ìåñòå âîçîáíîâ-

                                     ëåíèÿ ñâàðêè

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

                   Ãðóïïà 6. Ïðî÷èå äåôåêòû

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 600        Ïðî÷èå äåôåêòû            Âñå äåôåêòû,

            en miscellaneous         êîòîðûå íå ìîãóò

            imperfections            áûòü âêëþ÷åíû â

            fr defauts divers        ãðóïïû 1 - 5

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 601        Ñëó÷àéíàÿ äóãà            Ìåñòíîå ïîâðåæ-

            en stray arc             äåíèå ïîâåðõíîñòè

            fr coup d'arc            îñíîâíîãî ìåòàëëà,

                                     ïðèìûêàþùåãî ê

                                     ñâàðíîìó øâó, âîç-

                                     íèêøåå â ðåçóëü-

                                     òàòå ñëó÷àéíîãî

                                     ãîðåíèÿ äóãè

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 602        Áðûçãè ìåòàëëà            Êàïëè íàïëàâëåí-

            en spatter               íîãî èëè ïðèñà-

            fr projection (ou        äî÷íîãî ìåòàëëà,

            perles)                  îáðàçîâàâøèåñÿ âî

                                     âðåìÿ ñâàðêè è

                                     ïðèëèïøèå ê ïî-

                                     âåðõíîñòè çàòâåð-

                                     äåâøåãî ìåòàëëà

                                     ñâàðíîãî øâà èëè

                                     îêîëîøîâíîé çîíû

                                     îñíîâíîãî ìåòàëëà

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 6021       Âîëüôðàìîâûå áðûçãè       ×àñòèöû âîëü-

            en tungsten spatter      ôðàìà, âûáðîøåííûå

            fr projection de         èç ðàñïëàâëåííîé

            tungstne               çîíû ýëåêòðîäà íà

                                     ïîâåðõíîñòü

                                     îñíîâíîãî ìåòàëëà

                                     èëè çàòâåðäåâøåãî

                                     ìåòàëëà ñâàðíîãî

                                     øâà

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 603        Ïîâåðõíîñòíûå çàäèðû      Ïîâðåæäåíèå ïî-

            en torn surface          âåðõíîñòè, âûçâàí-

            fr dechirure locale ou   íîå óäàëåíèåì

            arrachement local        âðåìåííî ïðèâà-

                                     ðåííîãî ïðèñïî-

                                     ñîáëåíèÿ

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 606        Óòîíåíèå ìåòàëëà          Óìåíüøåíèå òîëùè-

            en underflushing         íû ìåòàëëà äî

            fr moulage excessif      çíà÷åíèÿ ìåíåå

                                     äîïóñòèìîãî ïðè

                                     ìåõàíè÷åñêîé

                                     îáðàáîòêå

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 

 

 


 
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